#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Lack of generalization between explicit and implicit visuomotor learning


Autoři: Jinsung Wang aff001;  Shancheng Bao aff001;  Grant D. Tays aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224099

Souhrn

Visuomotor adaptation has been thought to occur implicitly, although recent findings suggest that it involves both explicit and implicit processes. Here, we investigated generalization between an explicit condition, in which subjects reached toward imaginary targets under a veridical visuomotor condition, and an implicit condition, in which subjects reached toward visual targets under a 30-degree counterclockwise rotation condition. In experiment 1, two groups of healthy young adults first experienced either the explicit or the implicit condition, then the other condition. The third group experienced the explicit, then the implicit condition with an instruction that the same cognitive strategy could be used in both conditions. Results showed that initial explicit learning did not facilitate subsequent implicit learning, or vice versa, in the first two groups. Subjects in the third group performed better at the beginning of the implicit condition, but still had to adapt to the rotation gradually. In experiment 2, three additional subject groups were tested. One group experienced the explicit, then an implicit condition in which the rotation direction was opposite (30-degree clockwise rotation). Generalization between the conditions was still minimal in that group. Two other groups experienced either the explicit or implicit condition, then performed reaching movements without visual feedback. Those who experienced the explicit condition did not demonstrate aftereffects, while those who experienced the implicit condition did. Collectively, these findings suggest that visuomotor adaptation primarily involves implicit processes, and that explicit processes can add up in a complementary fashion as individuals become increasingly aware of the perturbation.

Klíčová slova:

Cognition – Data acquisition – Experimental design – Learning – Vision – Young adults


Zdroje

1. Shadmehr R, Wise SP. What motor learning is, what motor learning does. In: The computational neurobiology of reaching and pointing: a foundation of motor learning. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2005, pp. 46–7.

2. Mazzoni P, Krakauer JW. An implicit plan overrides an explicit strategy during visuomotor adaptation. J Neurosci. 2006;26: 3642–45. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5317-05.2006 16597717

3. Benson B, Anguera J, Seidler R. A spatial explicit strategy reduces error but interferes with sensorimotor adaptation. J Neurophysiol. 2011;105: 2843–51. doi: 10.1152/jn.00002.2011 21451054

4. Taylor J, Krakauer J, Ivry R. Explicit and implicit contributions to learning in a sensorimotor adaptation task. J Neurosci. 2014;34: 3023–32. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3619-13.2014 24553942

5. Bond KM, Taylor JA. Flexible explicit but rigid implicit learning in a visuomotor adaptation task. J Neurophysiol. 2015;113: 3836–49. 25855690

6. Bond KM, Taylor JA. Structural learning in a visuomotyor adaptation task is explicitly accessible. eNeuro. 2017;4(4).

7. Morehead JR, Taylor JA, Parvin DE, Ivry RB. Characteristics of implicit Ssensorimotor adaptation revealed by task-irrelevant clamped feedback. J Cogn Neurosci. 2017;29: 1061–1074. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01108 28195523

8. Leow LA, Gunn R, Marinovic W, Carroll TJ. Estimating the implicit component of visuomotor rotation learning by constraining movement preparation time. J Neurophysiol. 2017;118: 666–676. doi: 10.1152/jn.00834.2016 28356480

9. Krakauer JW, Pine ZM, Ghilardi MF, Ghez C. Learning of visuomotor transformation for vectorial planning of reaching trajectories. J Neurosci. 2000;20: 8916–24. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08916.2000 11102502

10. Wang J, Sainburg RL. Adaptation to visuomotor rotations remaps movement vectors, not final positions. J Neurosci. 2005;25: 4024–30. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5000-04.2005 15843604

11. Tseng Y, Diedrichsen J, Krakauer J, Shadmehr R, Bastian A. Sensory prediction errors drive cerebellum-dependent adaptation of reaching. J Neurophysiol. 200;98: 54–62. doi: 10.1152/jn.00266.2007 17507504

12. Huang VS, Haith A, Mazzoni P, Krakauer JW. Rethinking motor learning and savings in adaptation paradigms: model-free memory for successful actions combines with internal models. Neuron. 2011;70: 787–801. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.012 21609832

13. Wang J, Lei Y, Binder J. Performing a reaching task with one arm while adapting to a visuomotor rotation with the other can lead to complete transfer of motor learning across the arms. J Neurophysiol. 2015;113: 2302–2308. doi: 10.1152/jn.00974.2014 25632082

14. Lei Y, Bao S, Wang J. The combined effects of action observation and passive proprioceptive training on adaptive motor learning. Neuroscience. 2016;331: 91–8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.011 27298007

15. Lei Y, Bao S, Perez M, Wang J. Enhancing generalization of visuomotor adaptation by inducing use-dependent learning. Neuroscience. 2017;366: 184–195. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.004 29031601

16. Wang J, Joshi M, Lei Y. The extent of interlimb transfer following adaptation to a novel visuomotor condition does not depend on awareness of the condition. J Neurophysiol. 2011;106: 259–64. doi: 10.1152/jn.00254.2011 21562196

17. Anguera JA, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Willingham DT, Seidler RD. Contributions of spatial working memory to visuomotor learning. J Cogn Neurosci. 2010;22: 1917–30. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21351 19803691

18. Shadmehr R, Mussa-Ivaldi FA. Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task. J Neurosci. 1994;14: 3208–24. 8182467

19. Wolpert DM1, Ghahramani Z, Jordan MI. An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science. 1995;269:1880–2. doi: 10.1126/science.7569931 7569931

20. Kagerer F, Contreras-Vidal J, Stelmach G. Adaptation to gradual as compared with sudden visuo-motor distortions. Exp Brain Res. 1997;115: 557–61. doi: 10.1007/pl00005727 9262212

21. Kawato M. Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1999;9: 718–27. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00028-8 10607637

22. Heuer H, Hegele M. Adaptation to visuomotor rotations in younger and older adults. Psychol Aging. 2008;23: 190–202. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.190 18361666

23. Heuer H, Hegele M, Sulzenbruck S. Implicit and expicit adjustments to extrinsic visuo-motor transformations and their age-related changes. Hum Mov Sci. 2011;30: 916–30. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.07.004 20934231

24. Heuer H, Hegele M. Explicit and implicit components of visuo-motor adaptation: An analysis of individual differences. Conscious Cogn. 2015;33: 156–69. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.013 25591080

25. McDougle SD, Bond KM, Taylor JA. Explicit and implicit processes constitute the fast and slow processes of sensorimotor learning. J Neurosci. 2015;35: 9568–79 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5061-14.2015 26134640

26. Schween R, Hegele M. Feedback delay attenuates implicit but facilitates explicit adjustments to a visuomotor rotation. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2017;140: 124–33. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.015 28257877

27. Neville KM, Cressman EK. The influence of awareness on explicit and implicit contributions to visuomotor adaptation over time. Exp Brain Res. 2018;236: 2047–59. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5282-7 29744566


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 10
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#