Integrated HIV surveillance finds recent adult hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and intermediate HBV prevalence among military in uncharacterized Caribbean country
Autoři:
Siobhan M. O’Connor aff001; Tonya Mixson-Hayden aff001; Lilia Ganova-Raeva aff001; Djeneba Audrey Djibo aff002; Matthew Brown aff003; Guo-Liang Xia aff001; Saleem Kamili aff001; Marni Jacobs aff002; Maxia Dong aff004; Anne G. Thomas aff002; Marc Bulterys aff002; Braden Hale aff002
Působiště autorů:
Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
aff001; Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program, United States Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
aff002; Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
aff003; Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Guyana, Georgetown, Guyana
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222835
Souhrn
Background
Guyana expanded its HIV response in 2005 but the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has not been characterized.
Methods
The 2011 Seroprevalence and Behavioral Epidemiology Risk Survey for HIV and STIs collected biologic specimens with demographic and behavioral data from a representative sample of Guyana military personnel. Diagnostics included commercial serum: HIV antibody; total antibody to hepatitis B core (anti-HBc); IgM anti-HBc; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); anti-HBs; antibody to HCV with confirmatory testing; and HBV DNA sequencing with S gene fragment phylogenetic analysis. Chi-square, p-values and prevalence ratios determined statistical significance.
Results
Among 480 participants providing serologic specimens, 176 (36.7%) tested anti-HBc-positive. Overall, 19 (4.0%) participants tested HBsAg-positive; 17 (89.5%) of the HBsAg-positive participants also had detectable anti-HBc, including 1 (5.3%) IgM anti-HBc-positive male. Four (6.8%) females with available HBV testing were HBsAg-positive, all aged 23–29 years. Sixteen (16, 84.2%) HBsAg-positive participants had sufficient specimen for DNA testing. All 16 had detectable HBV DNA, 4 with viral load >2x104IU/ml. Sequencing found: 12 genotype (gt) A1 with 99.9% genetic identity between 1 IgM anti-HBc-positive and 1 anti-HBc-negative; 2 gtD1; and 2 with insufficient specimen. No statistically significant associations between risk factors and HBV infection were identified.
Conclusions
Integrated HIV surveillance identified likely recent adult HBV transmission, current HBV infection among females of reproductive age, moderate HBV infection prevalence (all gtA1 and D1), no HCV infections and low HIV frequency among Guyana military personnel. Integrated HIV surveillance helped characterize HBV and HCV epidemiology, including probable recent transmission, prompting targeted responses to control ongoing HBV transmission and examination of hepatitis B vaccine policies.
Klíčová slova:
Hepatitis B virus – Hepatitis C virus – HIV epidemiology – Military personnel – Sexually transmitted diseases – Guyana – Hepatitis B
Zdroje
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