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Nutritional status, cognitive achievement, and educational attainment of children aged 8-11 in rural South India


Autoři: Yubraj Acharya aff001;  Nancy Luke aff002;  Marco Faytong Haro aff002;  Winsley Rose aff003;  Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell aff004;  Anu Mary Oommen aff005;  Shantidani Minz aff005
Působiště autorů: Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff001;  Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff002;  Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India aff003;  Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India aff004;  Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223001

Souhrn

Background

Malnutrition among children is one of the most pressing health concerns middle- and low-income countries face today, particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Early-life malnutrition has been shown to affect long-term health and income. One hypothesized channel linking early-life malnutrition and long-term outcomes is cognitive development. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the relationship between nutritional status and cognitive achievement in middle childhood.

Study design

As part of the South India Community Health Study (SICHS), we collected educational attainment and anthropometric data from 1,194 children in rural Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, India, and assessed their math and reading skills. We analyzed the relationship between continuous and binary anthropometric measures of nutritional status and three measures of cognitive achievement (reading, math, and grade level), adjusting for potential confounders, using a regression framework.

Results

Lower height-for-age and weight-for-age and their corresponding binary measures (stunting, underweight) were associated with lower reading scores, lower math scores, and lower grade level, with the exception of the association between weight-for-age and reading, which was marginally significant. A stunted child had one-third of a grade disadvantage compared to a non-stunted counterpart, whereas an underweight child had one-fourth of a grade disadvantage compared to a non-underweight counterpart. Lower BMI-for-age was associated with grade level and marginally associated with lower math scores, and its binary measure (thinness) was marginally associated with lower math scores.

Conclusions

Acute and chronic malnutrition in middle childhood were negatively associated with math scores, reading scores, and educational attainment. Our study provides new evidence that cognitive achievement during middle childhood could be an important mechanism underlying the association between early-life malnutrition and long-term wellbeing.

Klíčová slova:

Educational attainment – Children – India – Malnutrition – Mothers – Schools – Tamil people


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