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Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach


Autoři: Rene S. Hendriksen aff001;  Oksana Lukjancenko aff001;  Patrick Munk aff001;  Mathis H. Hjelmsø aff001;  Jennifer R. Verani aff002;  Eric Ng’eno aff004;  Godfrey Bigogo aff004;  Samuel Kiplangat aff004;  Traoré Oumar aff004;  Lasse Bergmark aff001;  Timo Röder aff001;  John C. Neatherlin aff002;  Onyango Clayton aff002;  Tine Hald aff001;  Susanne Karlsmose aff001;  Sünje J. Pamp aff001;  Barry Fields aff002;  Joel M. Montgomery aff002;  Frank M. Aarestrup aff001
Působiště autorů: National Food Institute, WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens and Genomics and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark aff001;  Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya aff002;  Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America aff003;  Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Nairobi, Kenya aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222531

Souhrn

Background

Worldwide, the number of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is increasing, highlighting the importance of global disease pathogen surveillance. Traditional population-based methods may fail to capture important events, particularly in settings with limited access to health care, such as urban informal settlements. In such environments, a mixture of surface water runoff and human feces containing pathogenic microorganisms could be used as a surveillance surrogate.

Method

We conducted a temporal metagenomic analysis of urban sewage from Kibera, an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, to detect and quantify bacterial and associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, viral and parasitic pathogens. Data were examined in conjunction with data from ongoing clinical infectious disease surveillance.

Results

A large variation of read abundances related to bacteria, viruses, and parasites of medical importance, as well as bacterial associated antimicrobial resistance genes over time were detected. Significant increased abundances were observed for a number of bacterial pathogens coinciding with higher abundances of AMR genes. Vibrio cholerae as well as rotavirus A, among other virus peaked in several weeks during the study period whereas Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp, varied more over time.

Conclusion

The metagenomic surveillance approach for monitoring circulating pathogens in sewage was able to detect putative pathogen and resistance loads in an urban informal settlement. Thus, valuable if generated in real time to serve as a comprehensive infectious disease agent surveillance system with the potential to guide disease prevention and treatment. The approach may lead to a paradigm shift in conducting real-time global genomics-based surveillance in settings with limited access to health care.

Klíčová slova:

Antimicrobial resistance – Bacterial pathogens – Diarrhea – Disease surveillance – Infectious disease surveillance – Metagenomics – Sewage


Zdroje

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