#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage and density in infants and young children in Laos PDR


Autoři: Eileen M. Dunne aff001;  Molina Choummanivong aff003;  Eleanor F. G. Neal aff001;  Kathryn Stanhope aff001;  Cattram D. Nguyen aff001;  Anonh Xeuatvongsa aff004;  Catherine Satzke aff001;  Vanphanom Sychareun aff003;  Fiona M. Russell aff001
Působiště autorů: Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia aff001;  Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia aff002;  University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic aff003;  Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic aff004;  Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224392

Souhrn

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a precursor to pneumococcal disease. Several host and environmental factors have been associated with pneumococcal carriage, however few studies have examined the relationship between host factors and pneumococcal carriage density. We sought to identify risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and density using data from cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage surveys conducted in the Lao People's Democratic Republic before and after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected infants from aged 5–8 weeks old (n = 999) and children aged 12–23 months (n = 1,010), pneumococci detected by quantitative PCR, and a risk factor questionnaire completed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and pneumococcal carriage and density. In infants aged 5–8 weeks, living in a household with two or more children under the age of five years (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.39–2.79) and low family income (aOR 1.64; 95% CI 0.99–2.72) were positively associated with pneumococcal carriage. For children aged 12–23 months, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms (aOR 2.64; 95% CI 1.97–3.53), two or more children under five in the household (aOR 2.40; 95% CI 1.80–3.20), and rural residence (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.35–2.50) were positively associated with pneumococcal carriage. PCV13 vaccination was negatively associated with carriage of PCV13 serotypes (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44–0.83). URTI symptoms (p < 0.001), current breastfeeding (p = 0.005), rural residence (p = 0.012), and delivery by Caesarean section (p = 0.035) were associated with higher mean pneumococcal density in pneumococcal carriers (both age groups combined). This study provides new data on pneumococcal carriage and density in a high disease burden setting in southeast Asia.

Klíčová slova:

Age groups – Antibiotics – Infants – Medical risk factors – Pneumococcus – Smoking habits – Laos


Zdroje

1. Wahl B, O'Brien KL, Greenbaum A, Majumder A, Liu L, Chu Y, et al. Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000–2015. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(7):e744–e57. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30247-X 29903376

2. Mehr S, Wood N. Streptococcus pneumoniae—a review of carriage, infection, serotype replacement and vaccination. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2012;13(4):258–64. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2011.12.001 23069126

3. Adegbola RA, DeAntonio R, Hill PC, Roca A, Usuf E, Hoet B, et al. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory bacterial pathogens in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103293 25084351

4. Bogaert D, de Groot R, Hermans PWM. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(3):144–54. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)00938-7 14998500

5. Vu HTT, Yoshida LM, Suzuki M, Nguyen HAT, Nguyen CDL, Nguyen ATT, et al. Association between nasopharyngeal load of Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral coinfection, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia in Vietnamese children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(1):11–8 doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181f111a2 20686433

6. Short KR, Reading PC, Wang N, Diavatopoulos DA, Wijburg OL. Increased nasopharyngeal bacterial titers and local inflammation facilitate transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae. MBio. 2012;3(5). doi: 10.1128/mBio.00518-12

7. Koliou MG, Andreou K, Lamnisos D, Lavranos G, Iakovides P, Economou C, et al. Risk factors for carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. BMC Pediatrics. 2018;18(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1119-6 29699525

8. Adetifa IMO, Adamu AL, Karani A, Waithaka M, Odeyemi KA, Okoromah CAN, et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in Nigeria: a two-site, population-based survey. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):3509. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21837-5 29472635

9. Fadlyana E, Dunne EM, Rusmil K, Tarigan R, Sudigdoadi S, Murad C, et al. Risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in young children living in Indonesia. Pneumonia. 2018;10(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s41479-018-0058-1 30603377

10. Abdullahi O, Nyiro J, Lewa P, Slack M, Scott JAG. The descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in Kilifi District, Kenya. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31814da70c 18162940

11. Labout JAM, Duijts L, Arends LR, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, de Groot R, et al. Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage in healthy Dutch Infants: The Generation R Study. J Pediatr. 2008;153(6):771–6.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.05.061 18621390

12. Principi N, Marchisio P, Schito GC, Mannelli S. Risk factors for carriage of respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx of healthy children. Pediatric Infect Dis J. 1999;18(6):517–23.

13. Hanieh S, Hamaluba M, Kelly DF, Metz JA, Wyres KL, Fisher R, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage prevalence in Nepal: evaluation of a method for delayed transport of samples from remote regions and implications for vaccine implementation. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098739 24905574

14. Rodrigues F, Foster D, Nicoli E, Trotter C, Vipond B, Muir P, et al. Relationships between rhinitis symptoms, respiratory viral infections and nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in children attending daycare. Pediatric Infect Dis J. 2013;32(3):227–32. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31827687fc 23558321

15. DeMuri GP, Gern JE, Eickhoff JC, Lynch SV, Wald ER. Dynamics of bacterial colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis during symptomatic and asymptomatic viral upper respiratory tract infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(7):1045–53. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix941 29121208

16. Satzke C, Dunne EM, Choummanivong M, Ortika BD, Neal EFG, Pell CL, et al. Pneumococcal carriage in vaccine-eligible children and unvaccinated infants in Lao PDR two years following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine. 2019;37(2):296–305. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.077 30502068

17. Satzke C, Turner P, Virolainen-Julkunen A, Adrian PV, Antonio M, Hare KM, et al. Standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: updated recommendations from the World Health Organization Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group. Vaccine. 2013;32(1):165–79. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.062 24331112

18. Carvalho Mda G, Tondella ML, McCaustland K, Weidlich L, McGee L, Mayer LW, et al. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(8):2460–6. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02498-06 17537936

19. Satzke C, Dunne EM, Porter BD, Klugman KP, Mulholland EK. The PneuCarriage Project: a multi-centre comparative study to identify the best serotyping methods for examining pneumococcal carriage in vaccine evaluation studies. PLoS Med. 2015;12(11):e1001903; discussion e. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001903 26575033

20. Olarte L, Ampofo K, Stockmann C, Mason EO, Daly JA, Pavia AT, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days before and after introduction of PCV7. Pediatrics. 2013;132(1):e17–e24. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-3900 23733800

21. Nguyen HAT, Fujii H, Vu HTT, Parry CM, Dang AD, Ariyoshi K, et al. An alarmingly high nasal carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F non-susceptible to multiple beta-lactam antimicrobials among Vietnamese children. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3861-2 30866853

22. Turner P, Turner C, Jankhot A, Helen N, Lee SJ, Day NP, et al. A longitudinal study of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in a cohort of infants and their mothers on the Thailand-Myanmar border. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e38271. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038271 22693610

23. Overview of Lao health system development 2009–2017. Manila, Philippines. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

24. Mayxay M, Hansana V, Sengphilom B, Oulay L, Thammavongsa V, Somphet V, et al. Respiratory illness healthcare-seeking behavior assessment in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos). BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):444. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-444 23642240

25. Weinberger DM, Pitzer VE, Regev-Yochay G, Givon-Lavi N, Dagan R. Association between the decline in pneumococcal disease in unimmunized adults and vaccine-derived protection against colonization in toddlers and preschool-aged children. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;188(1):160–8. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy219 30462150

26. Khennavong M, Davone V, Vongsouvath M, Phetsouvanh R, Silisouk J, Rattana O, et al. Urine antibiotic activity in patients presenting to hospitals in Laos: implications for worsening antibiotic resistance. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85(2):295–302. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0076 21813851

27. Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Broides A, Blancovich I, Peled N, Dagan R. The contribution of smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae carriage in children and their mothers. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(7):897–903. doi: 10.1086/500935 16511750

28. Hadinegoro SR, Prayitno A, Khoeri MM, Djelantik IG, Dewi NE, Indriyani SA, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children under five years old in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016;47(3):485–93. 27405132

29. Farida H, Severin JA, Gasem MH, Keuter M, Wahyono H, van den Broek P, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in pneumonia-prone age groups in Semarang, Java Island, Indonesia. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e87431. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087431 24498104

30. Dherani M, Pope D, Mascarenhas M, Smith KR, Weber M, Bruce N. Indoor air pollution from unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(5):390–8C. doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.044529 18545742

31. Baggett HC, Watson NL, Deloria Knoll M, Brooks WA, Feikin DR, Hammitt LL, et al. Density of upper respiratory colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae and its role in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the PERCH study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(suppl_3):S317–S27. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix100 28575365

32. Chochua S, D'Acremont V, Hanke C, Alfa D, Shak J, Kilowoko M, et al. Increased nasopharyngeal density and concurrent carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are associated with pneumonia in febrile children. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167725 27907156

33. Morpeth SC, Munywoki P, Hammitt LL, Bett A, Bottomley C, Onyango CO, et al. Impact of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the concentration of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among Kenyan children. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 23;8(1):11030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29119-w 30038420

34. Effects of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Fiji: results from four annual cross-sectional carriage surveys. Dunne EM, Satzke C, Ratu FT, Neal EFG, Boelsen LK, Matanitobua S, et al. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Dec;6(12):e1375–e1385. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30383-8 30420033

35. Wouters I, Van Heirstraeten L, Desmet S, Blaizot S, Verhaegen J, Goossens H, et al. Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae carriage and density in Belgian infants after 9 years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme. Vaccine. 2018;36(1):15–22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.052 29180027

36. von Mollendorf C, Dunne EM, La Vincente S, Ulziibayar M, Suuri B, Luvsantseren D, et al. Pneumococcal carriage in children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia before and one year after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine. 2019 Jul 9;37(30):4068–4075. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.078 31174939

37. German EL, Solórzano C, Sunny S, Dunne F, Gritzfeld JF, Mitsi E, et al. Protective effect of PCV vaccine against experimental pneumococcal challenge in adults is primarily mediated by controlling colonisation density. Vaccine. 2019 Jul 9;37(30):3953–3956. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.080 31176540

38. Bosch AATM, Levin E, van Houten MA, Hasrat R, Kalkman G, Biesbroek G, et al. Development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery. EBioMedicine. 2016;9:336–45. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.031 27333043

39. Bosch AATM, Piters WAAdS, Houten Mav, Chu MLJN, Biesbroek G, Kool J, et al. Maturation of the infant respiratory microbiota, environmental drivers, and health consequences. a prospective cohort study. Am J Resp Crit Car Med. 2017;196(12):1582–90. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0554OC 28665684

40. Biesbroek G, Bosch AATM, Wang X, Keijser BJF, Veenhoven RH, Sanders EAM, et al. The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants. Am J Resp Crit Car Med. 2014;190(3):298–308. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0073OC 24921688.

41. Heikkilä MP, Saris PE. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by the commensal bacteria of human milk. J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(3):471–8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02002.x 12911694

42. Thors V, Christensen H, Morales-Aza B, Vipond I, Muir P, Finn A. The effects of live attenuated influenza vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacteria in healthy 2 to 4 Year Olds. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Resp Crit Car Med. 2016;193(12):1401–9. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201510-2000OC 26742001

43. Fan RR, Howard LM, Griffin MR, Edwards KM, Zhu Y, Williams JV, et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density and evolution of acute respiratory illnesses in young children, Peru, 2009–2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(11):1996–9. doi: 10.3201/eid2211.160902 27767919

44. Rudge JW, Inthalaphone N, Pavlicek R, Paboriboune P, Flaissier B, Monidarin C, et al. “Epidemiology and aetiology of influenza-like illness among households in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR”: A prospective, community-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0214207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214207 30951544

45. Lao PDR country progress report, Global AIDS Response Progress Country Report, 2016.

46. Birindwa AM, Emgård M, Nordén R, Samuelsson E, Geravandi S, Gonzales-Siles L, et al. High rate of antibiotic resistance among pneumococci carried by healthy children in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMC Pediatrics. 2018;18(1):361. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1332-3 30453916

47. Verhagen LM, Hermsen M, Rivera-Olivero IA, Sisco MC, de Jonge MI, Hermans PW, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in Warao Amerindians: significant relationship with stunting. Trop Med Int Health. 2017;22(4):407–14. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12835 28072501


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 10
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#