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Severe childhood anemia and emergency blood transfusion in Gadarif Hospital, eastern Sudan


Autoři: Mohammed Ahmed A. Ahmed aff001;  Abdullah Al-Nafeesah aff002;  Osama Al-Wutayd aff003;  Hyder M. Mahgoub aff004;  Ishag Adam aff005
Působiště autorů: Faculty of Medicine, Gadarif University, Gadarif, Sudan aff001;  Department of Paediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aff002;  Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aff003;  New Halfa Hospital, New Halfa, Sudan aff004;  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225731

Souhrn

Background

Anemia is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, particularly among children. Management of anemia depends on causes and severity of anemia. However blood transfusion is a lifesaving intervention in severe and life-threatening anemia. There are no published data on blood transfusion for anemia in Sudan.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted in Gadarif Hospital in eastern Sudan during 1 August, 2017 to 31 March, 2018. Consecutive children who presented at the emergency room with an indication for blood transfusion were enrolled in the study. A detailed history was gathered from all patients. Physical examinations, including vital signs, were performed. The World Health Organization guidelines for blood transfusion were followed.

Results

During the study period, a total of 1800 children were admitted to the emergency pediatric ward in Gadarif Hospital and were assessed for anemia, 513 (28.5%) were anemic and 141 (7.8%) had severe anemia. Three hundred anemic children received blood transfusion. The median (interquartile) of the age of the 300 children who received blood transfusion was 4.2 4.2(2.0–9.0) years. A total of 148 (49.3%) of the children were boys and 151 (50.3%) were younger than 5 years. The diagnoses associated with the order for blood transfusion were sickle cell disease (129, 43.0%), active bleeding (58, 19.3%), malaria (50, 16.7%), visceral leishmaniasis (25, 8.3%), severe acute malnutrition (16, 5.30%), snake bite (11, 3.7%), sepsis (5, 1.7%), and others. Two hundred eighty-five (95.0%) children improved, nine children were discharged against medical advice, and six (2.0%) children died.

Conclusion

There is a high burden of anemia in eastern Sudan. Sickle cell disease, malaria, and visceral leishmaniasis are the main causes of anemia in this region. Further research on blood transfusion is needed.

Klíčová slova:

anémia – Blood transfusion – Hemoglobin – Children – Malaria – Malnutrition – Pediatrics – Sickle cell disease


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