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Interdependence of balance mechanisms during bipedal locomotion


Autoři: Tyler Fettrow aff001;  Hendrik Reimann aff001;  David Grenet aff001;  Elizabeth Thompson aff002;  Jeremy Crenshaw aff001;  Jill Higginson aff005;  John Jeka aff001
Působiště autorů: Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America aff001;  Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America aff002;  Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America aff003;  Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America aff004;  Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225902

Souhrn

Our main interest is to identify how humans maintain upright while walking. Balance during standing and walking is different, primarily due to a gait cycle which the nervous system must contend with a variety of body configurations and frequent perturbations (i.e., heel-strike). We have identified three mechanisms that healthy young adults use to respond to a visually perceived fall to the side. The lateral ankle mechanism and the foot placement mechanism are used to shift the center of pressure in the direction of the perceived fall, and the center of mass away from the perceived fall. The push-off mechanism, a systematic change in ankle plantarflexion angle in the trailing leg, results in fine adjustments to medial-lateral balance near the end of double stance. The focus here is to understand how the three basic balance mechanisms are coordinated to produce an overall balance response. The results indicate that lateral ankle and foot placement mechanisms are inversely related. Larger lateral ankle responses lead to smaller foot placement changes. Correlations involving the push-off mechanism, while significant, were weak. However, the consistency of the correlations across stimulus conditions suggest the push-off mechanism has the role of small adjustments to medial-lateral movement near the end of the balance response. This verifies that a fundamental feature of human bipedal gait is a highly flexible balance system that recruits and coordinates multiple mechanisms to maintain upright balance during walking to accommodate extreme changes in body configuration and frequent perturbations.

Klíčová slova:

Ankles – Feet – Legs – Musculoskeletal system – Nervous system – Skeletal joints – Walking – Propulsion


Zdroje

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