#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Ecological interdependencies and resource competition: The role of information and communication in promoting effective collaboration in complex management situations


Autoři: Matthew Osborne aff001;  Emma Sundström aff002;  Örjan Bodin aff002
Působiště autorů: Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Behaviour and Choice Initiative, Stockholm, Sweden aff001;  Stockholm Resilience Centre (SRC), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225903

Souhrn

Communication between resource users has repeatedly been shown to be of significant importance in environmental management. The proposed causal mechanisms are numerous, ranging from the ability of users to share information to their ability to negotiate solutions to common problems and dilemmas. However, what is less known is under what conditions these potential causal mechanisms are important and if, in cases when different means other than communication were available, whether they would be more effective in accomplishing these objectives. An example of such an alternative could be that instead of (or in addition to) users being reliant on within-group communication to acquire useful information an intermediary—such as a public agency—could provide that for them. Furthermore, the different causal mechanisms making communication beneficial might not be independent, neither in respect to each other, nor in respect to other externally imposed means to facilitate better environmental management, and not in regards to different contextual factors. This study makes use of laboratory experiments in an innovative way to explore these questions and specifically test the relative importance of communication in managing complex social-ecological system characterized by common-pool resource dilemmas, ecological interdependencies, and asymmetric resource access–all characteristics being present simultaneously. We find that when resources users are confronted with such a complex challenge, the ability to communicate significantly increases individual and group performance. What is more surprising is the negative effect on overall outcomes that providing external information has on outcomes, when the users also have the ability to communicate. By analysing the content of the conversations we are able to suggest several possible explanations on how the combination of external information provisioning and user communications act to increase individual cognitive load and drives intra-group competition, leading to a significant reduction of individual and group outcomes.

Klíčová slova:

Cognitive psychology – Communications – Ecosystems – Environmental management – Games – Learning – Regression analysis – Social communication


Zdroje

1. Reed MS. Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review. Biol Conserv. 2008;141: 2417–2431.

2. Bodin Ö. Collaborative environmental governance: achieving collective action in social-ecological systems. Science. 2017;357: eaan1114. doi: 10.1126/science.aan1114 28818915

3. Stringer L, Dougill A, Fraser E, Hubacek K, Prell C, Reed M. Unpacking “participation” in the adaptive management of social–ecological systems: a critical review. Ecol Soc. 2006;11.

4. Grumbine RE. What is ecosystem management? Conserv Biol. 1994;8: 27–38.

5. Pikitch EK, Santora C, Babcock EA, Bakun A, Bonfil R, Conover DO, et al. Ecosystem-based fishery management. 2004.

6. Long RD, Charles A, Stephenson RL. Key principles of marine ecosystem-based management. Mar Policy. 2015;57: 53–60.

7. Olsson P, Folke C, Berkes F. Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social–ecological systems. Environ Manage. 2004;34: 75–90. doi: 10.1007/s00267-003-0101-7 15383875

8. Van Lange PA, Joireman J, Parks CD, Van Dijk E. The psychology of social dilemmas: A review. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2013;120: 125–141.

9. Olson M. The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge, Mass. Princeton: Harvard University Press; 1965.

10. Hardin G. The tragedy of the commons. science. 1968;162: 1243–1248.

11. Wade R. The management of common property resources: collective action as an alternative to privatisation or state regulation. Camb J Econ. 1987;11: 95–106.

12. Ostrom E. Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge university press; 1990.

13. Ostrom E. Coping with tragedies of the commons. Annu Rev Polit Sci. 1999;2: 493–535.

14. Ostrom E, Burger J, Field CB, Norgaard RB, Policansky D. Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges. science. 1999;284: 278–282. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5412.278 10195886

15. Dietz T, Ostrom E, Stern PC. The struggle to govern the commons. science. 2003;302: 1907–1912. doi: 10.1126/science.1091015 14671286

16. Curtin R, Prellezo R. Understanding marine ecosystem based management: a literature review. Mar Policy. 2010;34: 821–830.

17. Gardner R, Ostrom E, Walker JM. The nature of common-pool resource problems. Ration Soc. 1990;2: 335–358.

18. Ostrom E, Walker J, Gardner R. Covenants with and without a sword: Self-governance is possible. Am Polit Sci Rev. 1992;86: 404–417.

19. Ostrom E, Gardner R. Coping with asymmetries in the commons: self-governing irrigation systems can work. J Econ Perspect. 1993;7: 93–112.

20. Dawes RM, McTavish J, Shaklee H. Behavior, communication, and assumptions about other people’s behavior in a commons dilemma situation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1977;35: 1.

21. Cardenas J-C. How do groups solve local commons dilemmas? Lessons from experimental economics in the field. Environ Dev Sustain. 2000;2: 305–322.

22. Cardenas J-C, Ahn T, Ostrom E. Communication and co-operation in a common-pool resource dilemma: A field experiment. Advances in Understanding Strategic Behaviour. Springer; 2004. pp. 258–286.

23. Cardenas J-C, Janssen M, Bousquet F. Dynamics of rules and resources: three new field experiments on water, forests and fisheries. Handb Exp Econ Environ. 2013; 319–345.

24. Gächter S, Herrmann B, Thöni C. Trust, voluntary cooperation, and socio-economic background: survey and experimental evidence. J Econ Behav Organ. 2004;55: 505–531.

25. Anderies JM, Janssen MA, Bousquet F, Cardenas J-C, Castillo D, Lopez M-C, et al. The challenge of understanding decisions in experimental studies of common pool resource governance. Ecol Econ. 2011;70: 1571–1579.

26. Janssen M. The role of information in governing the commons: experimental results. Ecol Soc. 2013;18.

27. David JY, Shin HC, Pérez I, Anderies JM, Janssen MA. Learning for resilience-based management: Generating hypotheses from a behavioral study. Glob Environ Change. 2016;37: 69–78.

28. McLain RJ, Lee RG. Adaptive management: promises and pitfalls. Environ Manage. 1996;20: 437–448. doi: 10.1007/bf01474647 8661620

29. Isaac RM, Walker JM. Communication and free‐riding behavior: The voluntary contribution mechanism. Econ Inq. 1988;26: 585–608.

30. Hackett S, Schlager E, Walker J. The role of communication in resolving commons dilemmas: experimental evidence with heterogeneous appropriators. J Environ Econ Manag. 1994;27: 99–126.

31. Bochet O, Page T, Putterman L. Communication and punishment in voluntary contribution experiments. J Econ Behav Organ. 2006;60: 11–26.

32. Janssen MA, Holahan R, Lee A, Ostrom E. Lab experiments for the study of social-ecological systems. Science. 2010;328: 613–617. doi: 10.1126/science.1183532 20431012

33. Lindahl T, Bodin Ö, Tengö M. Governing complex commons—The role of communication for experimental learning and coordinated management. Ecol Econ. 2015;111: 111–120.

34. Guala F. The methodology of experimental economics. Cambridge University Press; 2005.

35. Schindler DW. Whole-ecosystem experiments: replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments. Ecosystems. 1998;1: 323–334.

36. Kinzig A, Starrett D. Coping with uncertainty: a call for a new science-policy forum. AMBIO J Hum Environ. 2003;32: 330–336.

37. Darke P, Shanks G, Broadbent M. Successfully completing case study research: combining rigour, relevance and pragmatism. Inf Syst J. 1998;8: 273–289.

38. Yin RK. Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications; 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2008.10.015

39. Fischbacher U, Gächter S, Fehr E. Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment. Econ Lett. 2001;71: 397–404.

40. Camerer CF. Behavioral game theory: Experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton University Press; 2011.

41. Janssen MA, Anderies JM, Cardenas J-C. Head-enders as stationary bandits in asymmetric commons: Comparing irrigation experiments in the laboratory and the field. Ecol Econ. 2011;70: 1590–1598.

42. Janssen MA, Rollins ND. Evolution of cooperation in asymmetric commons dilemmas. J Econ Behav Organ. 2012;81: 220–229.

43. Croissant Y, Millo G. Panel data econometrics in R: The plm package. J Stat Softw. 2008;27: 1–43.

44. Team RC. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2013.

45. Pavitt C. Communication, performance, and perceptions in experimental simulations of resource dilemmas. Small Group Res. 2011;42: 283–308.

46. Perez I, Yu D, Janssen M, Anderies J. Social roles and performance of social-ecological systems: evidence from behavioral lab experiments. Ecol Soc. 2015;20.

47. Pavitt C, Broomell L. Group Communication During Resource Dilemmas: 4: The Effect of Group Size. Hum Commun Res. 2016;42: 1–20.

48. Bales RF, Strodtbeck FL. Phases in group problem-solving. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1951;46: 485. doi: 10.1037/h0059886 14880365

49. Poole MS, Roth J. Decision development in small groups IV: A typology of group decision paths. Hum Commun Res. 1989;15: 323–356.

50. Bornstein G. Group decision and individual choice in intergroup competition for public goods. Social dilemmas: Theoretical issues and research findings. Oxford: Pergamon; 1992. pp. 247–63.

51. Meleady R, Hopthrow T, Crisp RJ. The group discussion effect: Integrative processes and suggestions for implementation. Personal Soc Psychol Rev. 2013;17: 56–71.

52. Blackmore C. What kinds of knowledge, knowing and learning are required for addressing resource dilemmas?: a theoretical overview. Environ Sci Policy. 2007;10: 512–525.

53. Pahl-Wostl C, Craps M, Dewulf A, Mostert E, Tabara D, Taillieu T. Social learning and water resources management. Ecol Soc. 2007;12.

54. Kolb DA. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press; 2014.

55. Kramer RM, Brewer MB, Hanna BA. Collective trust and collective action. Trust Organ Front Theory Res. 1996; 357–389.

56. Rothstein B. Trust, social dilemmas and collective memories. J Theor Polit. 2000;12: 477–501.

57. Poteete AR, Janssen MA, Ostrom E. Working together: collective action, the commons, and multiple methods in practice. Princeton University Press; 2010.

58. Tajfel H. Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annu Rev Psychol. 1982;33: 1–39.

59. Kopelman S, Weber JM, Messick DM. Factors influencing cooperation in commons dilemmas: A review of experimental psychological research. Drama Commons. 2002; 113–156.

60. Sweller J. Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cogn Sci. 1988;12: 257–285.

61. Vytal KE, Cornwell BR, Arkin NE, Letkiewicz AM, Grillon C. The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition: insight from spatial and verbal working memory. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7: 93. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00093 23542914

62. Janssen MA, Anderies JM, Cardenas J-C. Head-enders as stationary bandits in asymmetric commons: Comparing irrigation experiments in the laboratory and the field. Ecol Econ. 2011;70: 1590–1598.

63. Rawls J. A theory of justice. Harvard university press; 2009.

64. Shank DB, Kashima Y, Peters K, Li Y, Robins G, Kirley M. Norm talk and human cooperation: Can we talk ourselves into cooperation? J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019;117: 99–123. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000163 30475008


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 12
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#