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Do cancer stem cells exist? A pilot study combining a systematic review with the hierarchy-of-hypotheses approach


Autoři: Isabelle Bartram aff001;  Jonathan M. Jeschke aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany aff001;  Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany aff002;  Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225898

Souhrn

The phenomenon of cancer cell heterogeneity has been explained by different hypotheses, each entailing different therapy strategies. The most recent is the cancer stem cell model, which says that tumourigenicity and self-renewal are restricted to rare stem cell-like cancer cells. Since its conception, conflicting evidence has been published. In this study, we tested the applicability of a new approach developed in the field of ecology, the hierarchy-of-hypotheses approach, for the Cancer Stem Cell hypothesis. This approach allows to structure a broad concept into more specific sub-hypotheses, which in turn can be connected to available empirical studies. To generate a dataset with empirical studies, we conducted a systematic literature review in the Web of Science limited to the first 1000 publications returned by the search. From this pool, 51 publications were identified that tested whether a cell sub-population had cancer stem cell properties. By classifying the studies according to: (1) assessed indicators, (2) experimental assays and (3) model cancer cells used, we built a hierarchical structure of sub-hypotheses. The empirical tests from the selected studies were subsequently assigned to this hierarchy of hypotheses, and the percentage of supporting, undecided and questioning evidence was calculated for each sub-hypothesis, as well as additional experimental characteristics. Our approach successfully allowed us to determine that within our dataset, the empirical support for the CSC hypothesis was only 49.0%. The support of different sub-hypotheses was highly variable. Most noticeable, the conception that putative cancer stem cells are a rare subset of cells could not be confirmed by most studies (13.5% support). The empirical support varied also between types of cancer, animal models and cell isolation method used. For the first time, this study showed the applicability of the hierarchy-of-hypotheses approach for synthesizing and evaluating empirical evidence for a broad hypothesis in the field of bio-medical research.

Klíčová slova:

Animal models of disease – Cancer stem cells – Mouse models – Research reporting guidelines – Stem cell therapy – Systematic reviews – Tumor stem cells


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Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 12
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