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Virulence beneath the fleece; a tale of foot-and-mouth disease virus pathogenesis in sheep


Autoři: Carolina Stenfeldt aff001;  Juan M. Pacheco aff001;  Nagendrakumar B. Singanallur aff003;  Wilna Vosloo aff003;  Luis L. Rodriguez aff001;  Jonathan Arzt aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, NY, Greenport, United States of America aff001;  Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America aff002;  Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO-Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Australia aff003
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227061

Souhrn

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is capable of infecting all cloven-hoofed domestic livestock species, including cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep. However, in contrast to cattle and pigs, the pathogenesis of FMDV in small ruminants has been incompletely elucidated. The objective of the current investigation was to characterize tissue- and cellular tropism of early and late stages of FMDV infection in sheep following three different routes of simulated natural virus exposure. Extensive post-mortem harvest of tissue samples at pre-determined time points during early infection (24 and 48 hours post infection) demonstrated that tissues specifically susceptible to primary FMDV infection included the paraepiglottic- and palatine tonsils, as well as the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Additionally, experimental aerosol inoculation of sheep led to substantial virus replication in the lungs at 24–48 hours post-inoculation. During persistent infection (35 days post infection), the paraepiglottic- and palatine tonsils were the only tissues from which infectious FMDV was recovered. This is strikingly different from cattle, in which persistent FMDV infection has consistently been located to the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Analysis of tissue sections by immunomicroscopy revealed a strict epithelial tropism during both early and late phases of infection as FMDV was consistently localized to cytokeratin-expressing epithelial cells. This study expands upon previous knowledge of FMDV pathogenesis in sheep by providing detailed information on the temporo-anatomic distribution of FMDV in ovine tissues. Findings are discussed in relation to similar investigations previously performed in cattle and pigs, highlighting similarities and differences in FMDV pathogenesis across natural host species.

Klíčová slova:

Cattle – Foot and mouth disease – Livestock – Sheep – Swine – Tonsils – Vaccines – Viral persistence and latency


Zdroje

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