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Clonality testing in the lymph nodes from dogs with lymphadenomegaly due to Leishmania infantum infection


Autoři: Antonio Melendez-Lazo aff001;  Anne-Katherine Jasensky aff001;  Ico Thais Jolly-Frahija aff004;  Alexandra Kehl aff001;  Elisabeth Müller aff001;  Ignacio Mesa-Sánchez aff004
Působiště autorů: LABOKLIN GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany aff001;  Laboratorio Veterinario LABOKLIN, Madrid, Spain aff002;  Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain aff003;  Hospital Veterinario Valencia Sur, Silla, Spain aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226336

Souhrn

Introduction

In southern European countries, multicentric lymphoma and leishmaniosis are the main differential diagnoses in dogs presented with generalized lymphadenomegaly. The cytological examination is in some cases inconclusive and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) has become a common method to confirm or rule out a lymphoproliferative neoplasia. According to the literature, leishmaniosis may lead to clonal arrangements and therefore to a false diagnosis of lymphoma, but this assumption is made from a single leishmania infected dog. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate results from PARR in dogs with lymphadenomegaly due to clinical leishmaniosis at the moment of diagnosis.

Materials and methods

31 dogs with a diagnosis of leishmaniosis based on the LeishVet guidelines were included in the study. Samples from enlarged lymph nodes were taken for cytological examination, clonality testing and Leishmania infantum PCR.

Results

All 31 dogs had medium to high positive antibody titers against Leishmania spp. and 30/31 had a positive Leishmania PCR from the lymph node. A polyclonal arrangement for B cells (immunoglobulin heavy chain gene) and T cells (T-cell receptor gamma chain gene) antigen receptors was found in 28/31 dogs. Two out of 31 dogs showed a monoclonal arrangement for Ig with high (1:2) and low (1:7) polyclonal background respectively; and one of the 31 dogs showed a monoclonal arrangement for T cell receptor with low (1:3) polyclonal background.

Conclusion

Infections with Leishmania infantum resulted in clonal rearrangement, and therefore in a possible false diagnosis of lymphoma, in 3 out of 31 dogs (9.7%). Although, PARR is a useful method to differentiate lymphoma from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in dogs with leishmaniosis, mono-/biclonal results should be interpreted carefully, especially in the presence of any degree of polyclonal background, and together with other clinicopathological findings.

Klíčová slova:

Dogs – Leishmania – Leishmaniasis – Lymph nodes – Lymphocytes – Lymphomas – Polymerase chain reaction – T cells


Zdroje

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