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Normal and altered masticatory load impact on the range of craniofacial shape variation: An analysis of pre-Hispanic and modern populations of the American Southern Cone


Autoři: Andrea P. Eyquem aff001;  Susan C. Kuzminsky aff003;  José Aguilera aff005;  Williams Astudillo aff005;  Viviana Toro-Ibacache aff001
Působiště autorů: Centro de Análisis Cuantitativo en Antropología Dental, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile aff001;  Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany aff002;  Department of Anthropology and Applied Archaeology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico, United States of America aff003;  Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America aff004;  Facultad de Medicina and Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile aff005;  Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225369

Souhrn

The reduction of masticatory load intensity resulting from dietary changes in human evolution has been proposed as an important factor that alters craniofacial shape in past and current populations. However, its impact on craniofacial variation and on the perceived differences among populations is unclear. The maxillomandibular relationship, which alters masticatory force direction, is a factor often neglected but it can contribute to variation in craniofacial morphology, particularly among modern/urban populations where the prevalence of dental malocclusions is greater than in prehistoric populations. This study investigates the influence of masticatory load intensity and maxillomandibular relationship as a proxy for force direction on the human craniofacial skeleton. By using 3D imaging and geometric morphometrics, we analyzed craniofacial shape variation among 186 individuals from pre-Hispanic and modern Chilean and Argentinean populations that differ in diet consistency (a proxy for masticatory load intensity) and maxillomandibular relationship. We predicted that masticatory load would have a subtle effect on the upper craniofacial bones and that this would be more marked in the maxilla. Our results showed no clear influence of masticatory load on craniofacial shape, particularly in modern/urban populations. Allometry, on the contrary, shows a stronger effect. The degree of integration between the upper craniofacial bones and the load-bearing maxilla depends on masticatory load intensity, decreasing from high to low but showing a conservative pattern of covariation among the groups. The degree of variation in the shape of the maxilla is greater than the upper craniofacial bones. These results suggest that masticatory load has a limited effect in determining differences in craniofacial morphology among populations. This effect is slightly greater for the maxillary region of the face. We propose that the reduction of functional constraints is key to greater shape variation found in modern/urban populations.

Klíčová slova:

Diet – Eating – Face – Chile (country) – Mandible – Maxilla – principal component analysis


Zdroje

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