#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Causes of inferior relative survival after testicular germ cell tumor diagnosed 1953–2015: A population-based prospective cohort study


Autoři: Øivind Kvammen aff001;  Tor Åge Myklebust aff003;  Arne Solberg aff002;  Bjørn Møller aff004;  Olbjørn Harald Klepp aff001;  Sophie Dorothea Fosså aff006;  Torgrim Tandstad aff002
Působiště autorů: Department of Oncology, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway aff001;  Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway aff002;  Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway aff003;  Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway aff004;  The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav´s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway aff005;  National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway aff006;  Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway aff007
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225942

Souhrn

Background

Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients and survivors have excess mortality compared to the general male population, but relative survival (RS) has been scarcely studied. We investigated causes of excess mortality and their impact on RS among men diagnosed with TGCT in Norway, 1953–2015.

Methods and findings

Using registry data (n = 9541), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and RS were calculated. By December 31st, 2015, 816 testicular cancer (TC) and 1508 non-TC deaths had occurred (non-TC SMR: 1.36). Within five years of TGCT diagnosis, 80% were TC deaths. Non-TC second cancer (SC) caused 65% of excess non-TC deaths, of which 34% from gastric, pancreatic or bladder cancer. SC SMRs remained elevated ≥26 years of follow-up. In localized TGCT diagnosed >1979, SC SMRs were only elevated after seminoma. Cardiovascular disease caused 9% and other causes 26% of excess non-TC deaths, of which 58% from gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders. RS continuously declined with follow-up. TGCT patients diagnosed >1989 had superior five-year TC-specific RS (98.3%), lower non-TC SMR (1.21), but elevated SMRs for several SCs, infections, Alzheimer’s disease, genitourinary disease and suicide. A limitation was lack of individual treatment data.

Conclusions

RS declines mainly from TC deaths <5 years after TGCT diagnosis. Later, excess SC mortality becomes particularly important, reducing RS even ≥26 years. Radiotherapy; standard adjuvant seminoma treatment 1980–2007, is likely an important contributor, as are chemotherapy and possibly innate susceptibilities. Vigilant long-term follow-up, including psychosocial aspects, is important. Further research should focus on identifying survivor risk groups and optimizing treatment.

Klíčová slova:

Alzheimer's disease – Cancer detection and diagnosis – Cancer treatment – Cardiovascular diseases – Germ cells – Norway – Radiation therapy – Testicular cancer


Zdroje

1. Park JS, Kim J, Elghiaty A, Ham WS. Recent global trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37):e12390. Epub 2018/09/15. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012390 30213007; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6155960.

2. Kvammen O, Myklebust TA, Solberg A, Moller B, Klepp OH, Fossa SD, et al. Long-term Relative Survival after Diagnosis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. 2016;25:773–9. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-1153 26908435

3. Maroto P, Anguera G, Martin C. Long-term toxicity of the treatment for germ cell-cancer. A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2018;121:62–7. Epub 2017/12/28. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.015 29279100.

4. Fosså SD, Gilbert E, Dores GM, Chen J, McGlynn KA, Schonfeld S, et al. Noncancer causes of death in survivors of testicular cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007;99:533–44. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djk111 17405998.

5. Fung C, Fossa SD, Milano MT, Sahasrabudhe DM, Peterson DR, Travis LB. Cardiovascular Disease Mortality After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2015;33:3105–15. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.3654 26240226

6. Fosså SD, Aass N, Harvei S, Tretli S. Increased mortality rates in young and middle-aged patients with malignant germ cell tumours. British journal of cancer. 2004;90:607–12. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601558 14760372.

7. Larsen IK, Småstuen M, Johannesen TB, Langmark F, Parkin DM, Bray F, et al. Data quality at the Cancer Registry of Norway: an overview of comparability, completeness, validity and timeliness. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England: 1990). 2009;45:1218–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.037 19091545.

8. Eble JN. Spermatocytic seminoma. Human Pathology. 1994;25(10):1035–42. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(94)90062-0 7927308

9. Khan O, Protheroe A. Testis cancer. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83(984):624–32. Epub 2007/10/06. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.057992 17916870; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2600126.

10. CRN. Documentation of CRN Variables (Norwegian) 2015. Available from: https://www.kreftregisteret.no/contentassets/6b389374314344d8a37726aa4d79c732/dokumentasjon_av_variabler-v4.1.pdf.

11. Perme MP, Stare J, Estève J. On estimation in relative survival. Biometrics. 2012;68:113–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01640.x 21689081.

12. Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). 1990;1(1):43–6. Epub 1990/01/01. 2081237.

13. Althouse AD. Adjust for Multiple Comparisons? It's Not That Simple. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(5):1644–5. Epub 2016/04/24. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.11.024 27106412.

14. van der Willik KD, Schagen SB, Ikram MA. Cancer and dementia: Two sides of the same coin? Eur J Clin Invest. 2018;48(11):e13019. Epub 2018/08/17. doi: 10.1111/eci.13019 30112764; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6220770.

15. Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, McMaster ML, Lynch CF, Storm H, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patients: focus on long-term survivors. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2005;97:1354–65. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dji278 16174857.

16. Zhang L, Hemminki O, Chen T, Yu H, Zheng G, Chattopadhyay S, et al. Second cancers and causes of death in patients with testicular cancer in Sweden. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214410. Epub 2019/03/29. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214410 30921367; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6438485.

17. Hwang WL, Pike LRG, Royce TJ, Mahal BA, Loeffler JS. Safety of combining radiotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibition. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018. Epub 2018/06/07. doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0046-7 29872177.

18. Fung C, Dinh P Jr., Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard S, Schaffer K, Fossa SD, Travis LB. Toxicities Associated with Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Long-Term Testicular Cancer Survivors. Adv Urol. 2018;2018:8671832. Epub 2018/04/20. doi: 10.1155/2018/8671832 29670654; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5835297.

19. Zagars GK, Ballo MT, Lee AK, Strom SS. Mortality after cure of testicular seminoma. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004;22:640–7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.205 14726503.

20. Haugnes HS, Oldenburg J, Bremnes RM. Pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity in long-term testicular cancer survivors. Urologic oncology. 2014:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.08.027 25554583.

21. Chovanec M, Abu Zaid M, Hanna N, El-Kouri N, Einhorn LH, Albany C. Long-term toxicity of cisplatin in germ-cell tumor survivors. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(11):2670–9. Epub 2017/10/19. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx360 29045502.

22. Kerns SL, Fung C, Monahan PO, Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard S, Abu Zaid MI, Williams AM, et al. Cumulative Burden of Morbidity Among Testicular Cancer Survivors After Standard Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15):1505–12. Epub 2018/04/05. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.0735 29617189; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5959198.

23. Haugnes HS, Bosl GJ, Boer H, Gietema Ja, Brydøy M, Oldenburg J, et al. Long-term and late effects of germ cell testicular cancer treatment and implications for follow-up. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2012;30:3752–63. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.4431 23008318.

24. Hjelle LV, Gundersen POM, Hellesnes R, Sprauten M, Brydoy M, Tandstad T, et al. Long-term serum platinum changes and their association with cisplatin-related late effects in testicular cancer survivors. Acta Oncol. 2018:1–9. Epub 2018/05/19. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2018.1473641 29775128.

25. Travis LB, Beard C, Allan JM, Dahl Aa, Feldman DR, Oldenburg J, et al. Testicular cancer survivorship: research strategies and recommendations. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2010;102:1114–30. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq216 20585105.

26. Kier MG, Hansen MK, Lauritsen J, Mortensen MS, Bandak M, Agerbaek M, et al. Second Malignant Neoplasms and Cause of Death in Patients With Germ Cell Cancer: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(12):1624–7. Epub 2016/10/07. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.3651 27711914.

27. Hemminki K, Liu H, Sundquist J. Second cancers after testicular cancer diagnosed after 1980 in Sweden. Annals of Oncology. 2009;21:1546–51. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp562 20019089.

28. Fosså SD, Cvancarova M, Chen L, Allan AL, Oldenburg J, Peterson DR, et al. Adverse prognostic factors for testicular cancer-specific survival: a population-based study of 27,948 patients. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2011;29:963–70. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.3204 21300926.

29. Curreri SA, Fung C, Beard CJ. Secondary malignant neoplasms in testicular cancer survivors. Urol Oncol. 2015;33(9):392–8. Epub 2015/06/16. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.05.002 26072728.

30. Hall EJ, Brenner DJ. Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology: the impact of new epidemiological data. Br J Radiol. 2012;85(1020):e1316–7. Epub 2012/11/24. doi: 10.1259/bjr/13739950 23175496; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3611740.

31. De Toni L, Šabovic I, Cosci I, Ghezzi M, Foresta C, Garolla A. Testicular Cancer: Genes, Environment, Hormones. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019;10. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00408 31338064

32. Hellesnes R, Kvammen O, Myklebust TA, Bremnes RM, Karlsdottir A, Negaard HFS, et al. Continuing increased risk of second cancer in long-term testicular cancer survivors after treatment in the cisplatin era. Int J Cancer. 2019. Epub 2019/10/10. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32704 31597192.

33. Alanee S, Russo P. Suicide in men with testis cancer. European journal of cancer care. 2012;21:817–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2012.01366.x 22624649.

34. Beard CJ, Travis LB, Chen M-H, Arvold ND, Nguyen PL, Martin NE, et al. Outcomes in stage I testicular seminoma: a population-based study of 9193 patients. Cancer. 2013;119:2771–7. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28086 23633409.

35. Zaorsky NG, Zhang Y, Tuanquin L, Bluethmann SM, Park HS, Chinchilli VM. Suicide among cancer patients. Nature Communications. 2019;10(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08170-1 30643135

36. Gunnes MW, Lie RT, Bjorge T, Ghaderi S, Syse A, Ruud E, et al. Suicide and violent deaths in survivors of cancer in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood-A national cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2017;140(3):575–80. Epub 2016/10/27. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30474 27750385.

37. Dahl AA, Haaland CF, Mykletun A, Bremnes R, Dahl O, Klepp O, et al. Study of anxiety disorder and depression in long-term survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(10):2389–95. Epub 2005/04/01. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.061 15800331.

38. Sprauten M, Haugnes HS, Brydoy M, Kiserud C, Tandstad T, Bjoro T, et al. Chronic fatigue in 812 testicular cancer survivors during long-term follow-up: increasing prevalence and risk factors. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(10):2133–40. Epub 2015/08/13. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv328 26265167.

39. Smith AB, Butow P, Olver I, Luckett T, Grimison P, Toner GC, et al. The prevalence, severity, and correlates of psychological distress and impaired health-related quality of life following treatment for testicular cancer: a survivorship study. J Cancer Surviv. 2016;10(2):223–33. Epub 2015/07/17. doi: 10.1007/s11764-015-0468-5 26178326.

40. Cappuccio F, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, Iovane G, Taibi R, D'Aniello C, et al. Health-related quality of life and psychosocial implications in testicular cancer survivors. A literature review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(3):645–61. Epub 2018/02/21. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201802_14290 29461592.

41. O'Donnell E, Markt SC, Miller R, Bernard B, Albiges L, Beard C, et al. Smoking and Disease Outcomes in Patients With Malignant Germ Cell Tumors. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2017. Epub 2017/08/31. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.07.024 28851592.

42. Hill DA, Gridley G, Cnattingius S, Mellemkjaer L, Linet M, Adami HO, et al. Mortality and cancer incidence among individuals with Down syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(6):705–11. Epub 2003/03/18. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.6.705 12639204.

43. Haugnes HS, Wethal T, Aass N, Dahl O, Klepp O, Langberg CW, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity in long-term survivors of testicular cancer: a 20-year follow-up study. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2010;28:4649–57. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.29.9362 20855830.


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 12
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#