Changes in patterns of mortality rates and years of life lost due to firearms in the United States, 1999 to 2016: A joinpoint analysis
Autoři:
Hannah M. Bailey aff001; Yi Zuo aff001; Feng Li aff002; Jae Min aff003; Krishna Vaddiparti aff003; Mattia Prosperi aff003; Jeffrey Fagan aff004; Sandro Galea aff005; Bindu Kalesan aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff001; School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
aff002; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
aff003; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and Columbia Law School, New York, New York, United States of America
aff004; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225223
Souhrn
Background
Firearm-related death rates and years of potential life lost (YPLL) vary widely between population subgroups and states. However, changes or inflections in temporal trends within subgroups and states are not fully documented. We assessed temporal patterns and inflections in the rates of firearm deaths and %YPLL due to firearms for overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, intent, and states in the United States between 1999 and 2016.
Methods
We extracted age-adjusted firearm mortality and YPLL rates per 100,000, and %YPLL from 1999 to 2016 by using the WONDER (Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database. We used Joinpoint Regression to assess temporal trends, the inflection points, and annual percentage change (APC) from 1999 to 2016.
Results
National firearm mortality rates were 10.3 and 11.8 per 100,000 in 1999 and 2016, with two distinct segments; a plateau until 2014 followed by an increase of APC = 7.2% (95% CI 3.1, 11.4). YPLL rates were from 304.7 and 338.2 in 1999 and 2016 with a steady APC increase in %YPLL of 0.65% (95% CI 0.43, 0.87) from 1999 to an inflection point in 2014, followed by a larger APC in %YPLL of 5.1% (95% CI 0.1, 10.4). The upward trend in firearm mortality and YPLL rates starting in 2014 was observed in subgroups of male, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanic whites and for firearm assaults. The inflection points for firearm mortality and YPLL rates also varied across states.
Conclusions
Within the United States, firearm mortality rates and YPLL remained constant between 1999 and 2014 and has been increasing subsequently. There was, however, an increase in firearm mortality rates in several subgroups and individual states earlier than 2014.
Klíčová slova:
Age groups – Antigen-presenting cells – Death rates – Firearms – Hispanic people – Homicide – United States
Zdroje
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