#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Does source credibility matter for point-of-decision prompts? A quasi-experimental field study to increase stair use


Autoři: Ivan P. Lee aff001;  Richard M. Walker aff002
Působiště autorů: Center for Experimental and Behavioral Public Administration, School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America aff001;  Chan Hon-pun Professor in Behavioural and Policy Sciences, Laboratory for Public Management and Policy, Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225520

Souhrn

A quasi-experimental field study was undertaken to examine whether the source credibility of point-of-decision (POD) prompts would affect their effectiveness in increasing stair use. POD prompts attributed either to a more credible source, a less credible source, or nothing were randomly installed in three student halls of residence at a public university in Hong Kong (plus a control). The stair and elevator use of residents were recorded by view-from-top surveillance cameras and counted using motion-detection software, resulting in 14,189 observations. The findings show that all the POD prompts can yield, as hypothesized, a significant positive effect on stair use. The relative increase in stair use was 2.49% on average. However, contrary to our second hypothesis, the POD prompt attributed to the more credible source was not the most effective intervention. The implications of these findings are discussed in conclusion.

Klíčová slova:

Behavior – Behavioral and social aspects of health – Collective human behavior – Facebook – Hong Kong – Motivation – Physical activity – Research design


Zdroje

1. Jennings CA, Yun L, Loitz CC, Lee E, Mummery WK. A systematic review of interventions to increase stair use. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2017;52(1):106–144. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.014 27720340

2. Boreham CA, Kennedy RA, Murphy MH, Tully M, Wallace WF, Young I. Training effects of short bouts of stair climbing on cardiorespiratory fitness, blood lipids, and homocysteine in sedentary young women. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005;39(9):590–593. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.001131 16118293

3. Loy SF, Conley LM, Sacco ER, Vincent WJ, Holland GJ, Sletten EG, et al. Effects of stairclimbing on VO2max and quadriceps strength in middle-aged females. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1994;26(2):241–247.

4. Meyer P, Kayser B, Kossovsky MP, Sigaud P, Carballo D, Keller PF, et al. Stairs instead of elevators at workplace: cardioprotective effects of a pragmatic intervention. The European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. 2010;17(5):569–575.

5. Care UDoHaS. Start active, stay active: A report on physical activity from the four home countries' chief medical officers. London: Department of Health and Social Care Publications; 2011.

6. Lewis AL, Eves FF. Testing the theory underlying the success of point-of-choice prompts: A multi-component stair climbing intervention. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2012a;13(2):126–132.

7. Olander EK, Eves FF. Elevator availability and its impact on stair use in a workplace. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2011;31:200–206.

8. van Nieuw-Amerongen MN, Kremers SPJ, de Vries NK, Kok G. The use of prompts, increased accessibility, visibility, and aesthetics of the stairwell to promote stair use in a university building. Environment and Behavior. 2011;43(1):131–139.

9. Bellicha A, Kieusseian A, Fontvieille A, Tataranni A, Charreire H, Oppert J. Stair-use interventions in worksites and public settings—A systematic review of effectiveness and external validity. Preventive Medicine. 2015;70:3–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.11.001 25449692

10. Edwards NC. Letter to the editor: Getting better value out of studies examining prompts for stair use. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2018;54(2):323. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.07.011 29362168

11. Adriaanse MA, Gollwitzer PM, De Ridder DT, de Wit JB, Kroese FM. Breaking habits with implementation intentions: A test of underlying processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2011;37(4):502–513. doi: 10.1177/0146167211399102 21317315

12. Kerr J, Eves FF, Carroll D. Six-month observational study of prompted stair climbing. Preventive Medicine. 2001;33:422–427. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2001.0908 11676583

13. Aarts H, Dijksterhuis A. Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000;78:53–63. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.53 10653505

14. Bargh JA, Gollwitzer PM. Environmental control of goal-directed action: Automatic and strategic contingencies between situations and behavior. In: Spaulding WD, editor. Integrative views of motivation, cognition, and emotion Nebraska symposium on motivation. 41. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; 1994. p. 71–124.

15. Verplanken B. Beyond frequency: Habit as a mental construct. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2006;45:639–656. doi: 10.1348/014466605X49122 16984725

16. Milne S, Orbell S, Sheeran P. Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation: Protection motivation theory and implementation intentions. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2002;7:163–184. doi: 10.1348/135910702169420 14596707

17. Sheeran P, Silverman M. Evaluation of three interventions to promote workplace health and safety: Evidence for the utility of implementation intentions. Social Science & Medicine. 2003;56:2153–2163.

18. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1991;50(2):179–211.

19. Silva SA, Fugas CS. The influence of peer norms. In: Clarke S, Probst TM, Guldenmund FW, Passmore J, editors. The wiley blackwell handbook of the psychology of occupational safety and workplace health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2015. p. 61–82.

20. Holland RW, Aarts H, Langendam D. Breaking and creating habits on the working floor: A field-experiment on the power of implementation intentions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2006;42:776–783.

21. Wood W, Neal D. The habitual consumer. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009;19(4):579–592.

22. Sheeran P. Intention-behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology. 2002;12(1):1–36.

23. Services TFoCP. Recommendation for use of point-of-decision prompts to increase stair use in communities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2010;38(2S):S290–291.

24. Scotland NH. Pre-testing of stair climbing resources. A report by Scott Porter Research. Edinburgh: NHS Health Scotland; 2004.

25. Webb OJ, Eves FF. Promoting stair climbing: Effects of message specificity and validation. Health Education Research. 2007;22:49–57. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl045 16763074

26. Nocon M, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Nitzschke K, Willich SN. Increasing physical activity with point-of-choice prompts—A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2010;38(6):633–638. doi: 10.1177/1403494810375865 20601438

27. Soler RE, L KD, Buchanan LR, Brownson RC, Heath GW, Hopkins DH, et al. Point-of-decision prompts to increase stair use. A systematic review update. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2010;38(2S):S292–S300.

28. Chaiken S. Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1980;39(5):752–766.

29. Petty RE, Cacioppo JT. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In: Berkowitz L, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. 19. New York: Academic Press.; 1986. p. 123–205.

30. Cooley PD, Foley SJ, Magnussen CG. Increasing stair usage in a professional workplace: A test of the efficacy of positive and negative message prompts to change pedestrian choices. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2008;19(1):64–67. doi: 10.1071/he08064 18481935

31. Russell WD, Hutchinson J. Comparison of health promotion and deterrent prompts in increasing use of stairs over escalators Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2000;91(1):55–61. doi: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.55 11011871

32. Lewis AL, Eves FF. Prompts to increase stair climbing in stations: The effect of message complexity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2012b;9(7):954–961.

33. Ohanian R. The impact of celebrity spokespersons’ perceived image on consumers' intention to purchase. Journal of Advertising Research. 1991;31:46–54.

34. Pornpitakpan C. The persuasiveness of source credibility: A critical review of five decades' evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2004;34(2):243–281.

35. Hovland C, Janis I, Kelley H. Communication and persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1953.

36. Hovland C, Weiss W. The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly. 1951;15:635–650.

37. McCracken G. Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process Journal of Consumer Research. 1989;16(3):310–321.

38. Pearson JC, Nelson PE. Understanding and sharing: An introduction to speech communication (4th ed.). Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown; 1988.

39. Latimer AE, Brawley LR, Bassett RL. A systematic review of three approaches for constructing physical activity messages: What messages work and what improvements are needed? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2010;7(36):1–17.

40. Eves FF, Masters RSW, McManus AM. Effects of point-of-choice stair climbing interventions in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2008;14(Suppl 5):S36–39.

41. Petty BG, Herrington DM. Letter to the editor: Physical activity and longevity of college alumni. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1986;315(6):399–400. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198608073150618 3736617

42. Bassett DR, Vachon JA, Kirkland AO, Howley ET, Duncan GE, Johnson KR. Energy cost of stair climbing and descending on the college alumnus questionnaire. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1997;29(9):1250–1254.

43. Hellmueller L, Trilling D. The credibility of credibility measures: a meta-analysis in leading communication journals, 1951 to 2011. WAPOR 65th Annual Conference; Hong Kong2012.

44. Ohanian R. Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness Journal of Advertising. 1990;19(3):39–52.

45. The trial version of this SmartMotion is downloadable at http://download.cnet.com/SmartMotion/3000-13633_4-76445125.html

46. Gustafson CR, Kent R, Prate J, Michael R. Retail-based healthy food point-of-decision prompts (PDPs) increase healthy food choices in a rural, low-income, minority community. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(12):e0207792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207792 30540771

47. Gneezy A, Gneezy U, Nelson LD, Brown A. Shared Social Responsibility: A Field Experiment in Pay-What-You-Want Pricing and Charitable Giving. Science. 2010;329(5989):325–327. doi: 10.1126/science.1186744 20647467

48. Angrist JD, Pischke JS. Mostly harmless econometrics: An empiricist’s companion: Princeton University Press; 2009.

49. Fricke H. Identification based on difference-in-differences approaches with multiple treatments. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 2017;79(3):426–433.

50. Frölich M. Programme evaluation with multiple treatments. Journal of Economic Survey. 2004;18:181–224.

51. The official temperature records can be viewed at: http://www.hko.gov.hk/cis/dailyExtract_e.htm?y=2016&m=4

52. For example, see the Hong Kong DoH website at https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/90006.html

53. Chaiken S, Maheswaran D. Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;66:460–473. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.3.460 8169760

54. Mackie D, Worth L. Processing deficits and the mediation of positive affect in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1989;57:27–40.

55. Albarracín D, Wallace HM, Glasman LR. Survival and change of attitudes and other social judgments: A model of activation and comparison. In: Zanna MP., editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. 36. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2004. p. 251–315.

56. Eagly AH, Chaiken S. The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace; 1993.

57. Fazio RH. Accessible attitudes as tools for object appraisal: Their costs and benefits. In: Maio GR, Olson JM, editors. Why we evaluate: Functions of attitudes. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2000. p. 1–36.

58. Kruglanski AW, Webster DM, Klein A. Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993;65:861–876. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.5.861 8246114

59. Pratkanis AR, Greenwald AG. A sociocognitive model of attitude structure and function. In: Berkowitz L, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1989. p. 245–285.

60. Sanbonmatsu DM, Fazio RH. The role of attitudes in memory-based decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1990;59:614–622.

61. Kumkale GT, AlbarracÍn D, Seignourel PJ. The effects of source credibility in the presence or absence of prior attitudes: Implications for the design of persuasive communication campaigns. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2010;40(6):1325–1356. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00620.x 21625405

62. Chong D, Druckman JN. Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science. 2007;10:103–126.

63. Schultz PW, Messina A, Tronu G, Limas EF, Gupta R, Estrada M. Personalized normative feedback and the moderating role of personal norms: A field experiment to reduce residential water consumption. Environment and Behavior. 2016;48(5):686–710.

64. Cialdini RB, Kallgren CA, Reno RR. A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. In: Berkowitz L, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. 24. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1991. p. 201–234.

65. Cialdini RB, Reno RR, Kallgren CA. A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1990;58:1015–1026.

66. Griskevicius V, Cialdini RB, Goldstein N. Social norms: An underestimate and underemployed lever for managing climate change. International Journal of Sustainability Communication. 2008;3:5–13.

67. Schultz PW. Changing behavior with normative feedback interventions: A field experiment of curbside recycling. Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 1999;21:25–36.

68. Göckeritz S, Schultz PW, Rendón T, Cialdini RB, Goldstein NJ, Griskevicius V. Descriptive normative beliefs and conservation behavior: The moderating role of personal involvement and injunctive normative beliefs. European Journal of Social Psychology. 2010;40:514–523.

69. Schultz PW, Khazian A, Zaleski A. Using normative social influence to promote conservation among hotel guests. Social Influence. 2008;3:4–23.

70. Cohen DA, Lesser LI. Obesity prevention at the point of purchase. Obesity Reviews. 2016;17(389–396). doi: 10.1111/obr.12387 26910361

71. Werner CM, Stoll R, Birch P, White PH. Clinical validation and cognitive elaboration: Signs that encourage sustained recycling. Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 2002;24:185–203.


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 11
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#