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An evolution of socioeconomic related inequality in teenage pregnancy and childbearing in Malawi


Autoři: Gowokani Chijere Chirwa aff001;  Jacob Mazalale aff001;  Gloria Likupe aff002;  Dominic Nkhoma aff003;  Levison Chiwaula aff001;  Jesman Chintsanya aff004
Působiště autorů: Department of Economics, University of Malawi, Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi aff001;  Health Nursing and Midwifery, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom aff002;  Health Policy Unit, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Lilongwe, Malawi aff003;  Department of Population Studies, University of Malawi, Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225374

Souhrn

Background

Teenage pregnancies and childbearing are important health concerns in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Malawi. Addressing these challenges requires, among other things, an understanding of the socioeconomic determinants of and contributors to the inequalities relating to these outcomes. This study investigated the trends of the inequalities and decomposed the underlying key socioeconomic factors which accounted for the inequalities in teenage pregnancy and childbearing in Malawi.

Methods

The study used the 2004, 2010 and 2015–16 series of nationally representative Malawi Demographic Health Survey covering 12,719 women. We used concentration curves to examine the existence of inequalities, and then quantified the extent of inequalities in teenage pregnancies and childbearing using the Erreygers concentration index. Finally, we decomposed concentration index to find out the contribution of the determinants to socioeconomic inequality in teenage pregnancy and childbearing.

Results

The teenage pregnancy and childbearing rate averaged 29% (p<0.01) between 2004 and 2015–16. Trends showed a “u-shape” in teenage pregnancy and childbearing rates, albeit a small one (34.1%; p<0.01) in 2004: (25.6%; p<0.01) in 2010, and (29%; p<0.01) in 2016. The calculated concentration indices -0.207 (p<0.01) in 2004, -0.133 (p<0.01) in 2010, and -0.217 (p<0.01) in 2015–16 indicated that inequality in teenage pregnancy and childbearing worsened to the disadvantage of the poor in the country. Additionally, the decomposition exercise suggested that the primary drivers to inequality in teenage pregnancy and child bearing were, early sexual debut (15.5%), being married (50%), and wealth status (13.8%).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that there is a need for sustained investment in the education of young women concerning the disadvantages of early sexual debut and early marriages, and in addressing the wealth inequalities in order to reduce the incidences of teenage pregnancies and childbearing.

Klíčová slova:

Adolescents – Contraception – Economic analysis – Female contraception – Child health – Malawi – Pregnancy – Socioeconomic aspects of health


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