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Regional, racial, gender, and tumor biology disparities in breast cancer survival rates in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis


Autoři: Paddy Ssentongo aff001;  Joseph A. Lewcun aff002;  Xavier Candela aff002;  Anna E. Ssentongo aff002;  Eustina G. Kwon aff002;  Djibril M. Ba aff003;  John S. Oh aff002;  Forster Amponsah-Manu aff002;  Alicia C. McDonald aff003;  Vernon M. Chinchilli aff003;  David I. Soybel aff002;  Daleela G. Dodge aff002
Působiště autorů: Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering, Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff001;  Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff002;  Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff003;  Department of Surgery, Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225039

Souhrn

Background

The survival rates from breast cancer in Africa are poor and yet the incidence rates are on the rise. In this study, we hypothesized that, in Africa, a continent with great disparities in socio-economic status, race, tumor biology, and cultural characteristics, the survival rates from breast cancer vary greatly based on region, tumor biology (hormone receptor), gender, and race. We aimed to conduct the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on region, gender, tumor-biology and race-specific 5-year breast cancer survival rates in Africa and compared them to 20-year survival trends in the United States.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify studies on breast cancer survival in African published before October 17, 2018. Pooled 5-year survival rates of breast cancer were estimated by random-effects models. We explored sources of heterogeneity through subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression. Results were reported as absolute difference (AD) in percentages. We compared the survival rates of breast cancer in Africa and the United States.

Findings

There were 54 studies included, consisting of 18,970 breast cancer cases. There was substantial heterogeneity in the survival rates (mean 52.9%, range 7–91%, I2 = 99.1%; p for heterogeneity <0.0001). Meta-regression analyses suggested that age and gender-adjusted 5-year survival rates were lower in sub-Saharan Africa compared to north Africa (AD: –25.4%; 95% CI: –34.9 - –15.82%), and in predominantly black populations compared to predominantly non-black populations (AD: –25.9%; 95% CI: 35.40 - –16.43%). Survival rates were 10 percentage points higher in the female population compared to male, but the difference was not significant. Progesterone and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer subtypes were positively associated with survival (r = 0.39, p = 0.08 and r = 0.24, p = 0.29 respectively), but triple-negative breast cancer was negatively associated with survival. Survival rates are increasing over time more in non-black Africans (55% in 2000 versus 65% in 2018) compared to black Africans (33% in 2000 versus 40% in 2018); but, the survival rates for Africans are still significantly lower when compared to black (76% in 2015) and white (90% in 2015) populations in the United States.

Conclusion

Regional, sub-regional, gender, and racial disparities exist, influencing the survival rates of breast cancer in Africa. Therefore, region and race-specific public health interventions coupled with prospective genetic studies are urgently needed to improve breast cancer survival in this region.

Klíčová slova:

Africa – Breast cancer – Breast tumors – Cancer detection and diagnosis – Cancer treatment – Death rates – Systematic reviews


Zdroje

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