#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Effect of pre-season training phase on anthropometric, hormonal and fitness parameters in young soccer players


Autoři: Fabrizio Perroni aff001;  Simona Fittipaldi aff002;  Lavinia Falcioni aff003;  Lucia Ghizzoni aff004;  Paolo Borrione aff003;  Mario Vetrano aff005;  Riccardo Del Vescovo aff006;  Silvia Migliaccio aff003;  Laura Guidetti aff003;  Carlo Baldari aff001
Působiště autorů: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy aff001;  IRCCS, SDN, Naples, Italy aff002;  Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy aff003;  Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy aff004;  Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy aff005;  “AS Roma” Soccer Team, Rome, Italy aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225471

Souhrn

The aims of the study were to investigate 1) the effect of 8 weeks of PSP training on anthropometrics, salivary hormones and fitness parameters in youth soccer players, 2) the correlations between fitness and hormonal parameters, and 3) the impact of the experience of the coach and his methodology of training on these parameters. Weight, height, BMI, pubertal development (PDS), salivary Cortisol (sC), salivary Testosterone (sT), salivary sDHEAS, intermittent tests (VO2max), and countermovement jump test (CMJ) modifications of 35 youth soccer players (age: 14±0 yrs; BMI: 20.8±1.8 k/m2) from two Italian clubs (“Lupa Frascati” -LF-; “Albalonga” -AL) were analysed. A significant (p<0.05) time by club effect was observed in sC (F(1,31) = 9.7, ES = 1.13), sT (F(1,31) = 4.2, ES = 0.74), CMJ (F(1,28) = 26.5, ES = 1.94), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 8.5, ES = 1.10). Statistical differences (p<0.05) in weight (F(1,32) = 25.5, ES = 0.11), sC (F(1,31) = 32.1, ES = 1.43), sT/sC ratio (F(1,31) = 10.1, ES = 0.97), sDHEAS/sC ratio (F(1,31) = 6.3, ES = 0.70), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 64.3, ES = 1.74) were found within time factor. Between clubs, differences (p<0.05) in sC (F(1,32) = 8.5, ES = 1.17), sT (F(1,31) = 4.2, ES = 0.74), CMJ (F(1,28) = 26.5, ES = 1.50), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 8.5, ES = 1.10) were found. CMJ was inversely correlated with sDHEAS (r = -0.38) before PSP, while Δ of CMJ showed significant correlations with Δ of sC (r = 0.43) and ΔVO2max was inversely correlated with ΔBMI (r = -0.54) and ΔsC (r = -0.37) in all subjects. Considering each single club, ΔVO2max showed correlations with ΔBMI (r = -0.45) in AL, while ΔCMJ showed correlations with ΔPDS (r = 0.72) in LF club. Since the PSP is often limited training time to simultaneously develop physical, technical and tactical qualities, an efficient method to distribute the training load is important in youth soccer players to increase the performance and to avoid injuries.

Klíčová slova:

Anthropometry – Cortisol – Exercise – Italian people – Physical fitness – Psychological stress – Sports – Testosterone


Zdroje

1. Dvorak J., Junge A., Graf-Baumann T., Peterson L.G. Football is the most popular sport worldwide. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32(1 Suppl):3S–4S.

2. Mendez-Villanueva A, Buchheit M, Simpson B, Bourdon PC. Match play intensity distribution in youth soccer. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34(2): 101–10. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1306323 22960988

3. Tessitore A, Perroni F, Meeusen R, Cortis C, Lupo C, Capranica L. Heart rate responses and technical-tactical aspects of official 5-a-side youth soccer matches played on clay and artificial turf. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26(1): 106–12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31821854f2 22201688

4. Bangsbo J, Iaia M, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Med 2008; 38: 37–45. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004 18081366

5. Krustrup P, Mohr M, Amstrup T, Rysgaard T, Johansen J, Steensberg A, et al. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: Physiological response, reliability, and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 697–705. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058441.94520.32 12673156

6. Mujika I, Santisteban J, Impellizzeri FM, Castagna C. Fitness determinants of success in men’s and women’s football. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 107–114. doi: 10.1080/02640410802428071 19058090

7. Stølen T, Chamari K, Castagna C, Wisløff U. Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Med 2005; 35(6):501–536. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535060-00004 15974635

8. Kadi F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the action of testosterone on human skeletal muscle. A basis for illegal performance enhancement. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):522–528. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.118 18414389

9. Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Armstrong LE, Nindl BC, Volek JS, et al. Effects of elevated circulating hormones on resistance exercise-induced Aktsignaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 1039–1048. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816722bd 18461003

10. Mujika I, Chatard JC, Padilla S, Guezennec CY, Geyssant A. Hormonal responses to training andits tapering off in competitive swimmers: relationships with performance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;74(4):361–366. doi: 10.1007/bf02226933 8911829

11. Noda Y, Kamei H, Kamei Y, Nagai T, Nishida M, Nabeshima T. Neurosteroids ameliorate conditioned fear stress: an association with sigma receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 23, 276–284. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00103-2 10942851

12. Morgan CA, Southwick S, Hazlett G, Rasmusson A, Hoyt G, Zimolo Z, et al. Relationship among plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and cortisol levels, symptoms of dissociation and objective performance in humans exposed to acute stress. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:819–825. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.819 15289280

13. Handziski Z, Maleska V, Petrovska S, Nikolik S, Mickoska E, Dalip M, et al. The changes of ACTH, cortisol, testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio in professionalsoccer players during a competition half-season. Bratisl Lek Listy 2006; 107(6–7):259–63. 17051905

14. Di Blasio A, Bucci I, Petrella V, Giuliani C, Vitale R, Monaco F, et al. Cortisol, Testosterone and Soccer: Hormonal Trends through a Competitive Season. Sport Med. 2015, 2(1): 007.

15. Akubat I. Training load monitoring in soccer. In: Van Winckel J, ed. Fitness in soccer: The science and practical application. Klein-Gelmen: Moveo Ergo Sum 2014; 167–184

16. Reilly T. The training processes. In The science of training–soccer: A scientific approach to developing strength, speed and endurance (pp. 1–19). London: Routledge, 2007.

17. Jeong TS, Reilly T, Morton J, Bae SW, Drust B. Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of ‘‘pre-season” and one week of ‘‘in-season” training in professional soccer players. J Sports Sci 2011; 29(11):1161–1166 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.583671 21777053

18. Bangsbo J, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite soccer player. J Sports Sci 2006; 24: 665–674. doi: 10.1080/02640410500482529 16766496

19. Malina RM, Cumming SP, Kontos AP, Eisenmann JC, Ribeiro B, and Aroso J. Maturity-associated variation in sport-specific skills of youth soccer players aged 13–15 years. J Sport Sci 2005; 23: 515–522.

20. Carskadon MA, Acebo C. A self-administered rating scale for pubertal development. The J adolesc health 1993; 14:190–195. doi: 10.1016/1054-139x(93)90004-9 8323929

21. Bosco C, Luhtanen P, Komi PV. A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Eur J Appl Physiol 1983; 50: 273–282.

22. Perroni F, Vetrano M, Rainoldi A, Guidetti L, Baldari C. Relationship among performance value, body fat, fat free mass and pubertal development in youth soccer players. A preliminary study. Sport Sci Health 2014; 10(2): 67–73.

23. Slinde F, Suber C, Suber L, Edwén CE, Svantesson U. Test retest reliability of three countermovement jumping tests. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22(2): 640–644. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660475 18550985

24. Komi PV, Bosco C. Utilization of stored elastic energy in leg extensor muscles by men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1978; 10(4):261–265.

25. Fanchini M, Castagna C, Coutts AJ, Schena F, McCall A, Impellizzeri FM. Are the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and 2 both useful? Reliability, responsiveness and interchangeability in young soccer players. J Sports Sci 2014; 32: 1950–1957. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.969295 25333679

26. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods 2009; 41: 1149–1160. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149 19897823

27. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992; 112: 155–159. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 19565683

28. Hopkins W. A new view of statistics. 2013. Available: http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/index.html

29. Gil SM, Gil J, Ruiz F, Irazusta A, Irazusta J. Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: relevance for the selection process. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21(2):438–445. doi: 10.1519/R-19995.1 17530968

30. Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. J Sports Sci 2000; 18: 669–683. doi: 10.1080/02640410050120050 11043893

31. Perroni F., Vetrano M, Camolese G, Guidetti L, Baldari C. Anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of young soccer players: differences among categories, sub-categories and playing position. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29(8): 2097–2104. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000881 25734780

32. Markovic G, Mikulic P. Discriminative ability of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (level 1) in prospective young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 2931–2934. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318207ed8c 21804423

33. Bangsbo J. Soccer and Science—In an Interdisciplinary Perspective; Institute of Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Copenhagen: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2000.

34. Iuliano-Burns S, Mirwald RL, Bailey DA. Timing and magnitude of peak height velocity and peak tissue velocities for early, average, and late maturing boys and girls. Am J Hum Biol 2001; 13(1):1–8. doi: 10.1002/1520-6300(200101/02)13:1<1::AID-AJHB1000>3.0.CO;2-S 11466961

35. Di Luigi L, Baldari C, Gallotta MC, Perroni F, Romanelli F, Lenzi A, et al. Salivary Steroids at Rest and After a Training Load in Young Male Athletes: Relationship with Chronological Age and Pubertal Development. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27(9): 709–717. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-872931 16944399

36. Perroni F, Vetrano M, Guidetti L, Baldari C. Is Self-Administered Rating Scale for Pubertal Development a Predictor of Countermovement Jump in Young Soccer Players? TOSSJ 2017, 10: 122–131.

37. De Luccia Use of the Testosterone/Cortisol Ratio Variable in Sports TOSSJ 2016; 9: 104–113.

38. Daly RM, Rich PA, Klein R. Hormonal responses to physical training in high-level peripubertal male gymnasts. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998; 79: 74–81.

39. Carli G, Di Prisco CL, Martelli G, Viti A. Hormonal changes in soccer players during an agonistic season. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1982; 22: 489–494. 7169792

40. Hammami MA, Abderrahman AB, Rhibi F, Nebigh A, Coppalle S, Ravé G, et al. Somatotype Hormone Levels and Physical Fitness in Elite Young Soccer Players over a Two-Year Monitoring Period. J Sports Sci Med 2018; 17(3): 455–464. 30116119

41. Baldari C, Di Luigi L, Emerenziani GP, Gallotta MC, Sgrò P, Guidetti L. Is explosive performance influenced by androgen concentrations in young male soccer players? Br J Sports Med 2009; 43(3):191–194. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.040386 18308871

42. Gravina L, Gil SM, Ruiz F, Zubero J, Gil J, Irazusta J. Anthropometric and physiological differences between first team and reserve soccer players aged 10–14 years at the beginning and end of the season. J Strength Cond Res. 2008; 22(4):1308–1314. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5c8e 18545174

43. Casto KV, Edwards DA. Testosterone, cortisol, and human competition. HormBehav: 2016; 82: 21–37.

44. Gatti R, De Palo EF. An update: Salivary hormones and physical exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011;21: 157–169. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01252.x 21129038

45. Markovic G, Mikulic P. Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports Med. 2010; 40(10):859–895. doi: 10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000 20836583

46. Wisloff U, Castagna C, Helgerud J, Jones R, Hoff J. Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38(3): 285–288. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071 15155427

47. Tofas T, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros I, Nikolaidis MG, Koutedakis Y, Sinouris EA, et al. Plyometric exercise increases serum indices of muscle damage and collagen breakdown. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 490–496. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816605a0 18550965

48. Chatzinikolaou A, Fatouros IG, Gourgoulis V, Avloniti A, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, et al. Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 1389–1398. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1d318 20386477

49. Dragijsky M, Maly T, Zahalka F, Kunzmann E, Hank M. Seasonal Variation of Agility, Speed and Endurance Performance in Young Elite Soccer Players. Sports 2017, 5(1), 12.

50. Kalapotharakos VI; Ziogas G; Tokmakidis SP. Seasonal aerobic variation in elite soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2011, 25, 1502–1507. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da85a9 21427609

51. Moreira A, Mortatti A, Aoki M, Arruda A, Freitas C, Carling C. Role of free testosterone in interpreting physical performance in elite young Brazilian soccer players. PediatrExerc Sci 2013; 25(2):186–197.

52. Duke SA, Balzer BWR, Steinbeck KS. Testosterone and Its Effects on Human Male Adolescent Mood and Behavior: A Systematic Review. J Adol Health 2014; 55: 315e322.

53. Lewis JG. Steroid Analysis in Saliva: An overview. Clin Biochem Rev 2006; 27: 139–146. 17268582

54. Slimani M, Baker JS, Cheour F, Taylor L, Bragazzi NL. Steroid hormones and psychological responses to soccer matches: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(10): e0186100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186100 29023546

55. Klipkera K, Wrzusa C, Rauersa A, Bokerb SM, Riedigera M. Within-person changes in salivary testosterone and physical characteristics of puberty predict boys' daily affect. Horm Behav 2017; 95: 22–32. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.012 28754307


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 11
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#