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The clot thickens: Autologous and allogeneic fibrin sealants are mechanically equivalent in an ex vivo model of cartilage repair


Autoři: Rebecca M. Irwin aff001;  Lawrence J. Bonassar aff001;  Itai Cohen aff003;  Andrea M. Matuska aff004;  Jacqueline Commins aff001;  Brian Cole aff005;  Lisa A. Fortier aff006
Působiště autorů: Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America aff001;  Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America aff002;  Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America aff003;  Research and Development, Arthrex Inc., Naples, Florida, United States of America aff004;  Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America aff005;  College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224756

Souhrn

Fibrin sealants are commonly used in cartilage repair surgeries to adhere cells or grafts into a cartilage defect. Both autologous and commercial allogeneic fibrin sealants are used in cartilage repair surgeries, yet there are no studies characterizing and comparing the mechanical properties of fibrin sealants from all-autologous sources. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the effect of fibrinogen and thrombin sources on failure mechanics of sealants, and (ii) how sealants affect the adhesion of particulated cartilage graft material (BioCartilage) to surrounding cartilage under physiological loading. Allogeneic thrombin and fibrinogen were purchased (Tisseel), and autologous sources were prepared from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) generated from human blood. To compare failure characteristics, sealants were sandwiched between cartilage explants and pulled to failure. The effect of sealant on the adhesion of BioCartilage graft to cartilage was determined by quantifying microscale strains at the graft-cartilage interface using an in vitro cartilage defect model subjected to shear loading at physiological strains well below failure thresholds. Fibrinogen sources were not equivalent; PRP fibrinogen created sealants that were more brittle, failed at lower strains, and resulted in sustained higher strains through the graft-cartilage interface depth compared to PPP and allogeneic sources. PPP clotted slower compared to PRP, suggesting PPP may percolate deeper into the repair to provide more stability through the tissue depth. There was no difference in bulk failure properties or microscale strains at the graft-cartilage interface between the purely autologous sealant (autologous thrombin + PPP fibrinogen) and the commercial allogeneic sealant. Clinical Significance: All-autologous fibrin sealants fabricated with PPP have comparable adhesion strength as commercial allogeneic sealants in vitro, whereas PRP creates an inferior all-autologous sealant that sustains higher strains through the graft-cartilage interface depth.

Klíčová slova:

Articular cartilage – Cartilage – Deformation – Fibrinogen – Surgical repair – Thrombin – Tissue repair – Fibrin


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