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Reanalysis of the Bridge et al. study of suicide following release of 13 Reasons Why


Autoři: Daniel Romer aff001
Působiště autorů: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227545

Souhrn

Bridge et al. recently presented a time series analysis of suicide rates in the US following the release of the 2017 Netflix series “13 Reasons Why.” Their analysis found a powerful effect of the show on boys ages 10–17 for nine months after the show was released in April 2017. I questioned this finding on two grounds. First, contagion would be expected to be stronger for girls than boys for this story, and second their analysis did not take into account strong secular trends in suicide, especially in boys from 2016 to 2017. I reanalyzed their data using a simple auto-regression model that tested for changes in rates after removing auto-correlation and national trends in suicide. I found that the increase for boys observed by Bridge et al. in April was no greater than the increase observed during the prior month before the show was released. There were also no effects in later months of that year. For girls, I found a small but nonsignificant increase in suicide in April that was unique to that month, potentially consistent with a combined protective and harmful effect of the show. In total, I conclude that it is difficult to attribute harmful effects of the show using aggregate rates of monthly suicide rates. More fine-grained analyses at the weekly level may be more valid but only after controlling for secular changes in suicide that have been particularly strong since 2008 in the US.

Klíčová slova:

Age groups – Death rates – Forecasting – Hospitals – Mass media – Self harm – Suicide – Time series analysis


Zdroje

1. Bridge J. A., Greenhouse J. B., Ruch D., Stevens J., Ackerman J., Sheftall A., et al. (2019). Association between the release of netflix’s 13 Reasons Why and suicide rates in the United States: An interrupted time series analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.04.020

2. Sisask M., & Varnik A. (2012). Media roles in suicide prevention: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9, 123–138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9010123 22470283

3. Furedi F. (2015). The media’s first moral panic. History Today, 65(11). Retrieved from https://www.historytoday.com/archive/media%E2%80%99s-first-moral-panic

4. Schmidtke A., & Hafner H. (1988). The Werther effect after television films: New evidence for an old hypothesis. Psychological Medicine, 358, 665–676.

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6. Cooper M. T., Bard D., Wallace R., Gillaspy S., & Deleon S. (2018). Suicide attempt admissions from a single children’s hospital before and after the introduction of Netflix series 13 Reasons Why. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63, 688–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadolhealth.2018.08.028 30454731

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9. Arendt F., Scherr S., Pasek J., Jamieson P. E., & Romer D. (2019). Investigating harmful and helpful effects of watching season 2 or 13 Reasons Why: Results of a two-wave U. S. panel survey. Social Science and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.007

10. Diebold F. X. (2012). Elements of forecasting (4th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage.

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12. Arendt F., & Romer D. (2019). Problems posed by the Werther effect as a ‘net effect’: a comment on recent scholarly work on the effects of 13 Reasons Why. The British Journal of Psychiatry. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2019.197 31679540

13. Niederkrotenthaler T., Stack S., Till B., Sinyor M., Pirkis J., Garcia D., et al. (2019). Association of increased youth suicides in the United States with the release of 13 Reasons Why. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(9), 933–940.

14. Burstein B., Agostino H., & Greenfield B. (2019). Suicide attempts and ideation among children and adolescents in US emergency departments, 2007–2015. JAMA Pediatrics.


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