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Development and use of a scale to assess gender differences in appraisal of mistreatment during childbirth among Ethiopian midwifery students


Autoři: Rena Bakker aff001;  Ephrem D. Sheferaw aff001;  Jelle Stekelenburg aff001;  Tegbar Yigzaw aff002;  Marlou L. A. de Kroon aff004
Působiště autorů: Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands aff001;  Jhpiego Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia aff002;  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands aff003;  Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227958

Souhrn

Mistreatment during childbirth occurs across the globe and endangers the well-being of pregnant women and their newborns. A gender-sensitive approach to mistreatment during childbirth seems relevant in Ethiopia, given previous research among Ethiopian midwives and patients suggesting that male midwives provide more respectful maternity care, which is possibly mediated by self-esteem and stress. This study aimed a) to develop a tool that assesses mistreatment appraisal from a provider’s perspective and b) to assess gender differences in mistreatment appraisal among Ethiopian final-year midwifery students and to analyze possible mediating roles of self-esteem and stress. First, we developed a research tool (i.e. a quantitative scale) to assess mistreatment appraisal from a provider’s perspective, on the basis of scientific literature and the review of seven experts regarding its relevance and comprehensiveness. Second, we utilized this scale, the so-called Mistreatment Appraisal Scale, among 390 Ethiopian final-year midwifery students to assess their mistreatment appraisal, self-esteem (using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), stress (using the Perceived Stress Scale) and various background characteristics. The scale’s internal consistency was acceptable (α = .75), corrected item-total correlations were acceptable (.24 - .56) and inter-item correlations were mostly acceptable (.07 - .63). Univariable (B = 3.084, 95% CI [-.005, 6.173]) and multivariable (B = 1.867, 95% CI [-1.472, 5.205]) regression analyses did not show significant gender differences regarding mistreatment appraisal. Mediation analyses showed that self-esteem (a1b1 = -.030, p = .677) and stress (a2b2 = -.443, p = .186) did not mediate the effect of gender on mistreatment appraisal. The scale to assess mistreatment appraisal appears to be feasible and reliable. No significant association between gender and mistreatment appraisal was observed and self-esteem and stress were not found to be mediators. Future research is needed to evaluate the scale’s criterion validity and to assess determinants and consequences of mistreatment during childbirth from various perspectives.

Klíčová slova:

Ethiopia – Ethnicities – Labor and delivery – Midwives – Neonates – Psychological stress – Psychometrics – Research assessment


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