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Signatures of medical student applicants and academic success


Autoři: Tal Baron aff001;  Robert I. Grossman aff003;  Steven B. Abramson aff004;  Martin V. Pusic aff002;  Rafael Rivera aff003;  Marc M. Triola aff002;  Itai Yanai aff001
Působiště autorů: Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America aff001;  Institute for Innovations in Medical Education, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America aff002;  Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America aff003;  Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227108

Souhrn

The acceptance of students to a medical school places a considerable emphasis on performance in standardized tests and undergraduate grade point average (uGPA). Traditionally, applicants may be judged as a homogeneous population according to simple quantitative thresholds that implicitly assume a linear relationship between scores and academic success. This ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach ignores the notion that individuals may show distinct patterns of achievement and follow diverse paths to success. In this study, we examined a dataset composed of 53 variables extracted from the admissions application records of 1,088 students matriculating to NYU School of Medicine between the years 2006–2014. We defined training and test groups and applied K-means clustering to search for distinct groups of applicants. Building an optimized logistic regression model, we then tested the predictive value of this clustering for estimating the success of applicants in medical school, aggregating eight performance measures during the subsequent medical school training as a success factor. We found evidence for four distinct clusters of students—we termed ‘signatures’—which differ most substantially according to the absolute level of the applicant’s uGPA and its trajectory over the course of undergraduate education. The ‘risers’ signature showed a relatively higher uGPA and also steeper trajectory; the other signatures showed each remaining combination of these two main factors: ‘improvers’ relatively lower uGPA, steeper trajectory; ‘solids’ higher uGPA, flatter trajectory; ‘statics’ both lower uGPA and flatter trajectory. Examining the success index across signatures, we found that the risers and the statics have significantly higher and lower likelihood of quantifiable success in medical school, respectively. We also found that each signature has a unique set of features that correlate with its success in medical school. The big data approach presented here can more sensitively uncover success potential since it takes into account the inherent heterogeneity within the student population.

Klíčová slova:

Engineering and technology – Engineers – k means clustering – Machine learning – Medical education – Schools – Standardized tests – Undergraduates


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