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Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem


Autoři: Sanna Majaneva aff001;  Emil Fridolfsson aff001;  Michele Casini aff004;  Catherine Legrand aff001;  Elin Lindehoff aff001;  Piotr Margonski aff005;  Markus Majaneva aff001;  Jonas Nilsson aff001;  Gunta Rubene aff007;  Norbert Wasmund aff008;  Samuel Hylander aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems–EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden aff001;  Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway aff002;  Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway aff003;  Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Lysekil, Sweden aff004;  National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland aff005;  NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway aff006;  Fish Resources Research Department, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia aff007;  Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany aff008
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227714

Souhrn

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency is an issue periodically affecting a wide range of taxa worldwide. In aquatic pelagic systems, thiamin is mainly produced by bacteria and phytoplankton and is transferred to fish and birds via zooplankton, but there is no general consensus on when or why this transfer is disrupted. We focus on the occurrence in salmon (Salmo salar) of a thiamin deficiency syndrome (M74), the incidence of which is highly correlated among populations derived from different spawning rivers. Here, we show that M74 in salmon is associated with certain large-scale abiotic changes in the main common feeding area of salmon in the southern Baltic Sea. Years with high M74 incidence were characterized by stagnant periods with relatively low salinity and phosphate and silicate concentrations but high total nitrogen. Consequently, there were major changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton, with, e.g., increased abundances of Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Diatomophyceae and Euglenophyceae and Acartia spp. during high M74 incidence years. The prey fish communities also had increased stocks of both herring and sprat in these years. Overall, this suggests important changes in the entire food web structure and nutritional pathways in the common feeding period during high M74 incidence years. Previous research has emphasized the importance of the abundance of planktivorous fish for the occurrence of M74. By using this 27-year time series, we expand this analysis to the entire ecosystem and discuss potential mechanisms inducing thiamin deficiency in salmon.

Klíčová slova:

Baltic Sea – Biomass – Ecosystems – Food web structure – Phytoplankton – Rivers – Salmon – Zooplankton


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