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A systematic review and meta-analysis of acute kidney injury in the intensive care units of developed and developing countries


Autoři: Fernando de Assis Ferreira Melo aff001;  Etienne Macedo aff002;  Ana Caroline Fonseca Bezerra aff001;  Walédya Araújo Lopes de Melo aff001;  Ravindra L. Mehta aff002;  Emmanuel de Almeida Burdmann aff003;  Dirce Maria Trevisan Zanetta aff004
Působiště autorů: Division of Urology, Acre Federal University, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil aff001;  Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, United States of America aff002;  LIM 12, Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil aff003;  Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo School of Public Health, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226325

Souhrn

Objectives

Although the majority of the global population lives in developing countries, most of the epidemiological data related to intensive care unit (ICU) acute kidney injury (AKI) comes from developed countries. This systematic review aims to ascertain the methodology of studies on ICU AKI patients in developing and developed countries, to determine whether epidemiological comparisons between these two settings are possible, and to present a summary estimate of AKI incidence.

Methods

A systematic review of published studies reporting AKI in intensive care units (2005–2015) identified in PubMed, LILACS, and IBECs databases was conducted. We compared developed and developing countries by evaluating study methodology, AKI reference serum creatinine definitions, population characteristics, AKI incidence and mortality. AKI incidence was calculated with a random-effects model.

Results

Ninety-two studies were included, one of which reported data from both country categories: 60 from developed countries (1,057,332 patients) and 33 from developing countries (34,539 patients). In 78% of the studies, AKI was defined by the RIFLE, AKIN or KDIGO criteria. Oliguria had 11 different definitions and reference creatinine 23 different values. For the meta-analysis, 38 studies from developed and 18 from developing countries were selected, with similar AKI incidence: 39.3% and 35.1%, respectively. The need for dialysis, length of ICU stay and mortality were higher in developing countries.

Conclusion

Although patient characteristics and AKI incidence were similar in developed and developing countries, main outcomes were worse in developing country studies. There are significant caveats when comparing AKI epidemiology in developed and developing countries, including lack of standardization of reference serum creatinine, oliguria and the timeframe for AKI assessment. Larger, prospective, multicenter studies from developing countries are urgently needed to capture AKI data from the overall population without ICU access.

Klíčová slova:

Cardiovascular diseases – Creatinine – diabetes mellitus – Hospitals – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Intensive care units – Sepsis – Trauma surgery


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