#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

A capability approach to assess aquaculture sustainability standard compliance


Autoři: Phatra Samerwong aff001;  Hilde M. Toonen aff001;  Peter Oosterveer aff001;  Simon R. Bush aff001
Působiště autorů: Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227812

Souhrn

Sustainability standards are used to assure improved environmental performance in the aquaculture sector. But standard setters face limitations in including a broad range of producers with different capabilities, which in turn reduces their scope and impact. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach, we introduce a novel way to assess the extent to which sustainability standards can support the capability of farmers to make prescribed improvements to their production practices. In doing so, we compare four shrimp aquaculture standards (Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Global Aquaculture Alliance, Southeast Asian Shrimp Aquaculture Improvement Protocol and the Thai Agricultural Standard) based on an analysis of what we label the ‘prescribed capitals’ and ‘bundle of capitals’ that underpin the compliance capability of producers. The results show that standards narrowly prescribe standards requiring human capital, while there is potential for prescribing a wider bundle of social, financial and physical capitals that can allow more flexible standard compliance. The findings raise the prospect of redesigning sustainability standards to support a broader diversity of producer capabilities and, in turn, increase their overall impact.

Klíčová slova:

Agricultural workers – Aquaculture – Finance – Human capital – Shrimp – Sustainability science – Sustainable agriculture – Shrimp farming


Zdroje

1. Komives K, Jackson A. Introduction to Voluntary Sustainability Standard Systems. In: Schmitz-Hoffmann C, Schmidt M, Hansmann B, Palekhov D, editors. Voluntary Standard Systems: A Contribution to Sustainable Development. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2014. p. 3–19.

2. Tlusty MF, Tausig H. Reviewing GAA-BAP shrimp farm data to determine whether certification lessens environmental impacts. Reviews in Aquaculture. 2015;7(2):107–16. doi: 10.1111/raq.12056

3. Parkes G, Young JA, Walmsley SF, Abel R, Harman J, Horvat P, et al. Behind the Signs—A Global Review of Fish Sustainability Information Schemes. Reviews in Fisheries Science. 2010;18(4):344–56. doi: 10.1080/10641262.2010.516374

4. Tlusty MF. Environmental improvement of seafood through certification and ecolabelling: theory and analysis. Fish and Fisheries. 2012;13(1):1–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00404.x

5. Boyd CE, McNevin AA. Aquaculture, Resource Use, and the Environment: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

6. Roheim CA, Bush SR, Asche F, Sanchirico JN, Uchida H. Evolution and future of the sustainable seafood market. Nature Sustainability. 2018;1(8):392–8. doi: 10.1038/s41893-018-0115-z

7. Potts J, MacFatridge S, Lynch M, Wilkings A. State of Sustainability Initiatives Review: Standards and the blue economy. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2016.

8. Bush SR, Toonen H, Oosterveer P, Mol APJ. The ‘devils triangle’ of MSC certification: Balancing credibility, accessibility and continuous improvement. Marine Policy. 2013;37:288–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.011.

9. Ashton E. The impact of shrimp farming on mangrove ecosystems2010.

10. Miao W, Mohan CV, Ellis W, Davy B. Adoption of aquaculture assessment tools for improving the planning and management of aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2013 Contract No.: RAP Publication 2013/11.

11. Samerwong P, Bush SR, Oosterveer P. Implications of multiple national certification standards for Thai shrimp aquaculture. Aquaculture. 2018;493:319–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.019.

12. Amundsen VS, Gauteplass AÅ, Bailey JL. Level up or game over: the implications of levels of impact in certification schemes for salmon aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics & Management. 2019:1–17. doi: 10.1080/13657305.2019.1632389

13. Bosma R, Anh PT, Potting J. Life cycle assessment of intensive striped catfish farming in the Mekong Delta for screening hotspots as input to environmental policy and research agenda. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2011;16(9):903. doi: 10.1007/s11367-011-0324-4

14. Hatanaka M, Bain C, Busch L. Third-Party Certification in the Global Agrifood System. Food Policy. 2005;30:354–69. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.05.006

15. Henson S, Jaffee S. Food Safety Standards and Trade: Enhancing Competitiveness and Avoiding Exclusion of Developing Countries. European Journal of Development Research. 2006;18. doi: 10.1080/09578810601070753

16. Sen A. Capability and Well-Being. In: Nussbaum M, Sen A, editors. The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1993.

17. Sen A. Editorial: Human capital and human capability. Journal World Development. 1997;25(12):1959.

18. Nussbaum MC. Aristotle, Politics, and Human Capabilities: A Response to Antony, Arneson, Charlesworth, and Mulgan. Ethics. 2000;111(1):102–40. doi: 10.1086/233421

19. Robeyns I. The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey. Journal of Human Development. 2005;6(1):93–117. doi: 10.1080/146498805200034266

20. Kalfagianni A. Addressing the Global Sustainability Challenge: The Potential and Pitfalls of Private Governance from the Perspective of Human Capabilities. Journal of Business Ethics. 2014;122(2):307–20. doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1747-6

21. Sen A. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.

22. Bottema MJM. Institutionalizing area-level risk management: Limitations faced by the private sector in aquaculture improvement projects. Aquaculture. 2019;512:734310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734310.

23. Walby S. Sen and the Measurement of Justice and Capabilities: A Problem in Theory and Practice. Theory, Culture & Society. 2012;29(1):99–118. doi: 10.1177/0263276411423033

24. Conceição P, Levine S, Lipton M, Warren-Rodríguez A. Toward a food secure future: Ensuring food security for sustainable human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy. 2016;60:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.02.003.

25. Burchi F, De Muro P. From food availability to nutritional capabilities: Advancing food security analysis. Food Policy. 2016;60:10–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.03.008.

26. Bockstael E, Berkes F. Using the capability approach to analyze contemporary environmental governance challenges in Coastal Brazil. International Journal of the Commons. 2017;11:799–822. doi: 10.18352/ijc.756

27. Lemeilleur S. Smallholder Compliance with Private Standard Certification: The Case of GlobalGAP Adoption by Mango Producers in Peru. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 2012;16.

28. Perez-Aleman P. Regulation in the Process of Building Capabilities: Strengthening Competitiveness While Improving Food Safety and Environmental Sustainability in Nicaragua*. Politics & Society. 2013;41(4):589–620. 10.1177/0032329213507553.

29. Sen A. Commodities and Capabilities. UK: Oxford University Press; 1987.

30. Sen A. Rationality and Freedom. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press; 2002.

31. Bebbington A. Capitals and Capabilities: A framework for analysing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty in the Andes. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 1999 Contract No.: 6151IIED.

32. Devereux S. Sen's Entitlement Approach: Critiques and Counter-critiques. Oxford Development Studies. 2001;29(3):245–63.

33. Morse S, McNamara N. The Theory Behind the Sustainable Livelihood Approach. Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A Critique of Theory and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 15–60.

34. DFID. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets. In: (DFID) DfID, editor. 1999. p. 149.

35. Krantz L. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach to Poverty Reduction: An Introduction. Stockholm: Sida, Division for Policyand Socio-Economic Analysis, 2001.

36. Crocker DA. Ethics of Global Development: Agency, Capability, and Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

37. Evans P. Collective capabilities, culture, and Amartya Sen’s Development as Freedom. Studies in Comparative International Development. 2002;37(2):54–60. doi: 10.1007/bf02686261

38. Ibrahim SS. From Individual to Collective Capabilities: The Capability Approach as a Conceptual Framework for Self‐help. Journal of Human Development. 2006;7(3):397–416. doi: 10.1080/14649880600815982

39. Ouma S. Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture Industry. Economic Geography. 2010;86(2):197–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01065.x

40. Oosterveer P, Adjei BE, Vellema S, Slingerland M. Global sustainability standards and food security: Exploring unintended effects of voluntary certification in palm oil. Global Food Security. 2014;3(3):220–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2014.09.006.

41. Henson S, Humphrey J. Understanding the Complexities of Private Standards in Global Agri-Food Chains as They Impact Developing Countries. The Journal of Development Studies. 2010;46(9):1628–46. doi: 10.1080/00220381003706494 21328807

42. Ortega Landa R. Amartya Sen: Utilitarianism, Ethics and Public Policy. Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico. 2004:149–52.

43. Emmanuelle C. Multi-stakeholder initiatives for sustainable agriculture: limits of the 'Inclusiveness' paradigm. In: Stefano P, Peter G, Jakob V, editors. Governing through standards: origins, drivers and limitations. International Political Economy Series. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. p. 210–35.

44. Ponte S. ‘Roundtabling’ sustainability: Lessons from the biofuel industry. Geoforum. 2014;54:261–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.07.008.

45. Whitney CK, Bennett NJ, Ban NC, Allison EH, Armitage D, Blythe JL, et al. Adaptive capacity: from assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society. 2017;22(2). doi: 10.5751/ES-08983-220203

46. Martin SM, Lorenzen K. Livelihood Diversification in Rural Laos. World Development. 2016;83:231–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.018.

47. Ellis F. Rural livelihood diversity in developing countries: Evidence and policy implications. Natural Resource Perspectives. 1999;40(Livelihoods, diversification and Poverty).

48. Global Aquaculture Alliance. Aquaculture Facility Certification Finfish and Crustacean Farms. Best Aquaculture Practices Certification Standards, Guidelines. New Hampshire, USA: Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA); 2017.

49. ASC. ASC Shrimp Standard v1.0—March 2014. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC); 2014.

50. SEASAIP. The Southeast Asian Shrimp Aquaculture Improvement Protocol Draft #5. Southeast Asian Shrimp Aquaculture Improvement Protocol (SEASAIP); 2016.

51. Thai Agricultural Standard TAS 7401–2014, TAS 7401–2014 (2014).

52. Central Laboratory Thai. Inspection & Quality Systems and Products Certification. Inspection & Quality Systems and Products Certification: Central Laboratory (Thailand); 2018.

53. Lebel L, Garden P, Luers A, Manuel-Navarrete D, Giap DH. Knowledge and innovation relationships in the shrimp industry in Thailand and Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113(17):4585–90. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900555106 19892739

54. Towers L. Indian, Thai Shrimp Farms Encouraged to Get BAP Certification: The FishSite; 2016 [updated February 15, 2016]. Available from: https://thefishsite.com/articles/indian-thai-shrimp-farms-encouraged-to-get-bap-certification.

55. Best Aquaculture Practices. New iBAP Program To Advance Responsible Aquaculture 2015. Available from: https://bapcertification.org/blog/new-ibap-program-to-advance-responsible-aquaculture/.

56. Peterson J. Best Aquaculture Practices Training in Malaysia. 2015.

57. Booysen F. An Overview and Evaluation of Composite Indices of Development. Social Indicators Research. 2002;59(2):115–51. doi: 10.1023/A:1016275505152

58. Bush SR, Oosterveer P. The Missing Link: Intersecting Governance and Trade in the Space of Place and the Space of Flows. Sociologia Ruralis. 2007;47(4):384–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9523.2007.00441.x

59. Kusumawati R, Bush SR, Visser LE. Can Patrons Be Bypassed? Frictions between Local and Global Regulatory Networks over Shrimp Aquaculture in East Kalimantan. Society & Natural Resources. 2013;26(8):898–911. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2012.723305

60. Bourgois E, editor Sustainability And Compliance Solutions For Asian Aquaculture Market/Value Chain: Introducing Verifik8. Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2017; 2017; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

61. Marschke M, Wilkings A. Is certification a viable option for small producer fish farmers in the global south? Insights from Vietnam. Marine Policy. 2014;50:197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.06.010.

62. Start D, Johnson C. Livelihood Options? The Political Economy of Access, Opportunity and Diversification2004.

63. Ellis F. Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Devloping Countries. Oxford: Oxford university press Inc.; 2000.

64. Bellwood-Howard I, Nchanji EB. The marketing of vegetables in a northern Ghanaian city: Implications and trajectories2017. 79–92 p.

65. Stewart F, Deneulin S. Amartya Sen’s contribution to development thinking. Studies in Comparative International Development. 2002;37(2):61–70.


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2020 Číslo 1
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#