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Constructing HLM to examine multi-level poverty-contributing factors of farmer households: Why and how?


Autoři: Yuewen Jiang aff001;  Chong Huang aff002;  Duoduo Yin aff001;  Chenxia Liang aff001;  Yanhui Wang aff001
Působiště autorů: 3D Information Collection and Application Key Lab of Education Ministry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China aff001;  State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228032

Souhrn

Accurately identifying poverty-contributing factors of farmer households in an all-round way is the critical prerequisite and guarantee for taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation. From the combined perspectives of multi-level comprehensive detection and human-nature sustainable development, this study has designed a multi-level index system of household-level, village-level, and town-level, and constructed a nested three-level hierarchical linear model to examine the poverty-contributing factors of farmer households, and to reveal the significant ones and their multi-level interaction mechanism. The case test from Fugong County shows that: (1) Poverty-contributing factors are multi-level, showing both individual and background effects. 77.14% of the poverty is caused by household-level factors, 6.24% by village-level ones and 16.62% by town-level factors. (2) Significant poverty-contributing factors at different levels are different, identifying different contribution degrees to poverty gaps of farmer households. Five household-level factors show significant influence on poverty degree and account for 70.95% of the overall poverty gap among poor households, 11.70% for four village-level significant factors and 86.80% for two town-level ones, respectively. (3) Higher-level factors have different degrees of influence on the contribution difference of lower-level ones. The two town-level factors, terrain relief and town per capita annual income have explained 59.38% of the difference of village-level proportion of migrant workers’ contribution to poverty degree among towns and 89.89% of the difference of household-level per capita annual income's contribution to poverty degree among towns respectively. (4) Measures such as improving the type of access to roads, developing characteristic planting and breeding, and implementing relocation projects, can help poor households in the study area to reduce poverty. This study provides a new perspective for identifying farmers' poverty-contributing factors and technical reference and decision support for local departments to plan and implement targeted assistance and household-specific development policies.

Klíčová slova:

Agricultural workers – Economic development – Economic geography – Insurance – Roads – Socioeconomic aspects of health – Welfare (social security) – Labor mobility


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