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Musical expertise generalizes to superior temporal scaling in a Morse code tapping task


Autoři: Matthew A. Slayton aff001;  Juan L. Romero-Sosa aff002;  Katrina Shore aff001;  Dean V. Buonomano aff002;  Indre V. Viskontas aff001
Působiště autorů: San Francisco Conservatory of Music, San Francisco, CA, United States of America aff001;  Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America aff002;  Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America aff003;  Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America aff004;  Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221000

Souhrn

A key feature of the brain’s ability to tell time and generate complex temporal patterns is its capacity to produce similar temporal patterns at different speeds. For example, humans can tie a shoe, type, or play an instrument at different speeds or tempi—a phenomenon referred to as temporal scaling. While it is well established that training improves timing precision and accuracy, it is not known whether expertise improves temporal scaling, and if so, whether it generalizes across skill domains. We quantified temporal scaling and timing precision in musicians and non-musicians as they learned to tap a Morse code sequence. We found that non-musicians improved significantly over the course of days of training at the standard speed. In contrast, musicians exhibited a high level of temporal precision on the first day, which did not improve significantly with training. Although there was no significant difference in performance at the end of training at the standard speed, musicians were significantly better at temporal scaling—i.e., at reproducing the learned Morse code pattern at faster and slower speeds. Interestingly, both musicians and non-musicians exhibited a Weber-speed effect, where temporal precision at the same absolute time was higher when producing patterns at the faster speed. These results are the first to establish that the ability to generate the same motor patterns at different speeds improves with extensive training and generalizes to non-musical domains.

Klíčová slova:

Animal studies – Bioacoustics – Learning – Linear regression analysis – Music cognition – Recurrent neural networks – Target detection – Undergraduates


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