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Genetic structure of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark


Autoři: Sophie Lund Rasmussen aff001;  Jeppe Lund Nielsen aff002;  Owen R. Jones aff001;  Thomas B. Berg aff001;  Cino Pertoldi aff002
Působiště autorů: Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark aff001;  Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark aff002;  Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark aff003;  Naturama, Svendborg, Denmark aff004;  Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Denmark aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227205

Souhrn

Objectives

Low genetic diversity can lead to reduced average fitness in a population or even extinction. Preserving genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes is therefore vital to counteract the negative consequences of genetic drift and inbreeding. This study aimed to assess the genetic composition and consequently the conservation status of a nationwide sample of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark.

Methods

We applied an adaptation of the genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique to 178 individuals from six geographically distinct populations. We used a Bayesian clustering method to subdivide individuals into genetically distinct populations. We estimated individual observed (iHO), observed (HO), and unbiased expected (uHE) heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient (FIS), percentage of polymorphic loci (P%) and tested for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We used linear models to test for potential anthropogenic effects on the genetic variability of hedgehogs with iHO, uHE, P% and FIS as response variables, and assessed the demographic history of the population.

Results

The Danish hedgehog population is composed of three genetic clusters. We found a mean P% of 54.44–94.71, a mean uHE of 0.126–0.318 and a mean HO of 0.124–0.293 in the six populations. The FIS was found to be significantly positive for three of the six populations. We detected a large heterogeneity of iHO values within populations, which can be due to inbreeding and/or fragmentation. FIS values decreased with increasing farmland density, but there was no significant association with human population or road density.

Conclusions

We found a low level of genetic variability and evidence for genetic substructure and low effective population size, which are all consequences of habitat fragmentation. We failed to detect signs of a recent population bottleneck or population increase or decline. However, because the test only identifies recent changes in population size, we cannot reject the possibility of a longer-term decline in the Danish hedgehog population.

Klíčová slova:

Denmark – Europe – Genetic polymorphism – Heterozygosity – Islands – Population density – Population genetics – Hedgehogs


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