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Combined fiscal policies to promote healthier diets: Effects on purchases and consumer welfare


Autoři: Juan Carlos Caro aff001;  Pourya Valizadeh aff002;  Alejandrina Correa aff003;  Andres Silva aff004;  Shu Wen Ng aff002
Působiště autorů: Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America aff001;  Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America aff002;  Department of Economics, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile aff003;  Department of Economics, Government and Communication, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile aff004;  Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 15(1)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226731

Souhrn

Taxes on unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages, as well as subsidies to healthy foods, have become increasingly popular strategies to curb obesity and related non-communicable diseases. The existing evidence on the welfare effects of such fiscal policies is mixed and almost uniquely focused on tax schemes. Using the 2016-2017 Chilean Household Budget Survey, we estimate a censored Exact Affine Stone Index (EASI) incomplete demand system and simulate changes in purchases, tax incidence, and consumer welfare of three different policy scenarios: (1) a 5 percentage point additional tax on sweetened beverages (currently taxed at 18%) and a new 18% tax on sweets and snacks, (2) a healthy subsidy by zero-rating fruits and vegetables from the current 19% value-added tax, and (3) a combined (tax plus subsidy) policy. Under full pass-through of these policies, the combined scheme captures the incentives to switch purchases from both single-policy alternatives, resulting in a net welfare gain and subsidy transfer for the average Chilean household. In terms of welfare, low-income households strictly benefit from a combined policy, while high-income households experience a small consumer welfare loss, resulting in re-distributional effects.

Klíčová slova:

Beverages – Fiscal policy – Food consumption – Health care policy – Obesity – Socioeconomic aspects of health – Taxes – Vegetables


Zdroje

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