Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use are associated with job loss at follow-up: Findings from the CONSTANCES cohort
Autoři:
Guillaume Airagnes aff001; Cédric Lemogne aff001; Pierre Meneton aff006; Marie Plessz aff006; Marcel Goldberg aff002; Nicolas Hoertel aff001; Yves Roquelaure aff007; Frédéric Limosin aff001; Marie Zins aff002
Působiště autorů:
Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Paris, France
aff001; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
aff002; UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
aff003; UMR 1168, VIMA, Inserm, Villejuif, France
aff004; U 894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
aff005; UMR 1142, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, Paris, France
aff006; UMR 1085, Ester, Irest Inserm, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
aff007
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222361
Souhrn
Background
Substance use is more prevalent among unemployed subjects compared to employed ones. However, quantifying the risk subsequent of job loss at short-term according to substance use remains underexplored as well as examining if this association persist across various sociodemographic and occupational positions previously linked to job loss. We examined this issue prospectively for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis use and their combination, among a large population-based sample of men and women, while taking into account age, gender, overall health status and depressive symptoms.
Methods
From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 18,879 working participants were included between 2012 and 2016. At baseline, alcohol use disorder risk according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (mild, dangerous, problematic or dependence), tobacco (non-smoker, former smoker, 1–9, 10–19, >19 cigarettes/day) and cannabis use (never, not in past year, less than once a month, once a month or more) were assessed. Employment status at one-year (working versus not working) was the dependent variable. Logistic regressions provided Odds Ratios(OR(95%CI)) of job loss at one-year, adjusting for age, gender, self-reported health and depressive state (measured with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale). Stratified analyses were performed for education, occupational grade, household income, job stress (measured with the Effort-Reward Imbalance), type of job contract, type of work time and history of unemployment. In sensitivity analyses, employment status over a three-year follow-up was used as dependent variable.
Results
Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were associated with job loss, from the second to the highest category: 1.46(95%CI:1.23–1.73) to 1.92(95%CI:1.34–2.75), 1.26(95%CI:1.09–1.46) to 1.78(95%CI:1.26–2.54) and 1.45(95%CI:1.27–1.66) to 2.68(95%CI:2.10–3.42), respectively, and with dose-dependent relationships (all p for trend <0.001). When introduced simultaneously, associations remained significant for the three substances without any between-substance interactions. Associations remained significant across almost all stratifications and over a three-year follow-up as well as after adjustment for all the sociodemographic and occupational factors.
Conclusions
Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use were independently associated with job loss at short-term, with dose-dependent relationships. This knowledge will help refining information and prevention strategies. Importantly, even moderate levels of alcohol, tobacco or cannabis use are associated with job loss at short-term and all sociodemographic and occupational positions are potentially concerned.
Klíčová slova:
Medicine and health sciences – Pharmacology – Behavioral pharmacology – Recreational drug use – Cannabis – Alcohol consumption – Health care – Public and occupational health – Socioeconomic aspects of health – Mental health and psychiatry – Mood disorders – Depression – Social sciences – Economics – Labor economics – Employment – Jobs – Sociology – Education – Educational attainment – Biology and life sciences – Nutrition – Diet – Psychology – Behavior – Habits – Smoking habits
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