The effect of cathodal tDCS on fear extinction: A cross-measures study

English version

Autoři: Ana Ganho-Ávila ^aff001; Óscar F. Gonçalves ^aff002; Raquel Guiomar ^aff001; Paulo Sérgio Boggio ^aff004; Manish Kumar Asthana ^aff004; Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos ^aff006; Jorge Almeida ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Proaction Laboratory, Cognitive and Behavior Center for Research and Intervention Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ^aff001; Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CiPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ^aff002; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America ^aff003; Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil ^aff004; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India ^aff005; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands ^aff006
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221282

Souhrn

Background

Extinction-based procedures are often used to inhibit maladaptive fear responses. However, because extinction procedures show efficacy limitations, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a promising add-on enhancer.

Objective

In this study, we tested how cathodal tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects extinction and tried to unveil the processes at play that boost the effectiveness of extinction procedures and its translational potential to the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Methods

We implemented a fear conditioning paradigm whereby 41 healthy women (mean age = 20.51 ± 5.0) were assigned to either cathodal tDCS (n = 27) or sham tDCS (n = 16). Fear responses were measured with self-reports, autonomic responses, and implicit avoidance tendencies.

Results

Cathodal tDCS shows no statistically significant effect in extinction, according to self-reports, and seems to even negatively affect fear conditioned skin conductance responses. However, one to three months after the tDCS session and extinction, we found a group difference in the action tendencies towards the neutral stimuli (F (1, 41) = 12.04, p = .001, ηp² = .227), with the cathodal tDCS group (as opposed to the sham group) showing a safety learning (a positive bias towards the CS-), with a moderate effect size. This suggests that cathodal tDCS may foster stimuli discrimination, leading to a decreased generalization effect.

Discussion

Cathodal tDCS may have enhanced long-term distinctiveness between threatening cues and perceptively similar neutral cues through a disambiguation process of the value of the neutral stimuli—a therapeutic target in anxiety disorders. Future studies should confirm these results and extend the study of cathodal tDCS effect on short term avoidance tendencies.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Psychology – Emotions – Fear – Behavior – Conditioned response – Behavioral conditioning – Fear conditioning – Physiology – Electrophysiology – Neurophysiology – Transcranial direct-current stimulation – Neuroscience – Brain mapping – Cognitive science – Cognition – Memory – Memory recall – Cognitive psychology – Learning – Learning and memory – Sensory perception – Sensory cues – Ecology – Ecological metrics – Extinction risk – Social sciences – Research and analysis methods – Bioassays and physiological analysis – Electrophysiological techniques – Brain electrophysiology – Transcranial stimulation – Medicine and health sciences – Ecology and environmental sciences

Zdroje

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The effect of cathodal tDCS on fear extinction: A cross-measures study

Souhrn

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Discussion

Klíčová slova:

Zdroje

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