The effect of cathodal tDCS on fear extinction: A cross-measures study
Autoři:
Ana Ganho-Ávila aff001; Óscar F. Gonçalves aff002; Raquel Guiomar aff001; Paulo Sérgio Boggio aff004; Manish Kumar Asthana aff004; Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos aff006; Jorge Almeida aff001
Působiště autorů:
Proaction Laboratory, Cognitive and Behavior Center for Research and Intervention Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
aff001; Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CiPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
aff002; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
aff003; Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
aff004; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
aff005; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
aff006
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221282
Souhrn
Background
Extinction-based procedures are often used to inhibit maladaptive fear responses. However, because extinction procedures show efficacy limitations, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a promising add-on enhancer.
Objective
In this study, we tested how cathodal tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects extinction and tried to unveil the processes at play that boost the effectiveness of extinction procedures and its translational potential to the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Methods
We implemented a fear conditioning paradigm whereby 41 healthy women (mean age = 20.51 ± 5.0) were assigned to either cathodal tDCS (n = 27) or sham tDCS (n = 16). Fear responses were measured with self-reports, autonomic responses, and implicit avoidance tendencies.
Results
Cathodal tDCS shows no statistically significant effect in extinction, according to self-reports, and seems to even negatively affect fear conditioned skin conductance responses. However, one to three months after the tDCS session and extinction, we found a group difference in the action tendencies towards the neutral stimuli (F (1, 41) = 12.04, p = .001, ηp2 = .227), with the cathodal tDCS group (as opposed to the sham group) showing a safety learning (a positive bias towards the CS-), with a moderate effect size. This suggests that cathodal tDCS may foster stimuli discrimination, leading to a decreased generalization effect.
Discussion
Cathodal tDCS may have enhanced long-term distinctiveness between threatening cues and perceptively similar neutral cues through a disambiguation process of the value of the neutral stimuli—a therapeutic target in anxiety disorders. Future studies should confirm these results and extend the study of cathodal tDCS effect on short term avoidance tendencies.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Psychology – Emotions – Fear – Behavior – Conditioned response – Behavioral conditioning – Fear conditioning – Physiology – Electrophysiology – Neurophysiology – Transcranial direct-current stimulation – Neuroscience – Brain mapping – Cognitive science – Cognition – Memory – Memory recall – Cognitive psychology – Learning – Learning and memory – Sensory perception – Sensory cues – Ecology – Ecological metrics – Extinction risk – Social sciences – Research and analysis methods – Bioassays and physiological analysis – Electrophysiological techniques – Brain electrophysiology – Transcranial stimulation – Medicine and health sciences – Ecology and environmental sciences
Zdroje
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