Functional role and evolutionary contributions of floral gland morphoanatomy in the Paleotropical genus Acridocarpus (Malpighiaceae)
Autoři:
Isabel Reis Guesdon aff001; André Márcio Amorim aff002; Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira aff001
Působiště autorů:
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, UFV, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
aff001; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
aff002; Herbário Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222561
Souhrn
The stereotyped floral morphology of Neotropical Malpighiaceae species—zygomorphic and calyx with oil glands—is correlated with oil-bee pollination. In contrast, the floral trends of the Paleotropical lineages are actinomorphy and lack of calyx glands, probably due to the absence of oil-collecting bees. The Paleotropical genus Acridocarpus is an exception because of its zygomorphic, gland-bearing flowers. Glands throughout Acridocarpus inflorescences were morphoanatomically evaluated to verify the occurrence of patterns related to species and geographic distribution. Herbarium (25 species) and fresh samples of A. longifolius were processed according to standard anatomical techniques. To verify the presence of glucose and protein, strip tests were applied to the exudate. Fresh samples were fixed and submitted to histochemical tests. Based on the occurrence, number and placement of glands, three distribution patterns were recognized on the bracteole and ten on the calyx. Bract, bracteole and sepal glands have a typical nectary structure with a palisade-like epidermis and vascularized parenchyma. Glands were classified as short-stalked, sessile or immersed. Histochemical tests performed on bract and sepal glands of A. longifolius were positive for proteins, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, and negative for oil compounds. Glucose and protein were detected in the exudate. These results allow us to recognize the glands in Acridocarpus inflorescences as nectaries. This comprehensive morphoanatomical study helps to clarify the correlation between patterns of floral morphology and secretion consumers, as well as to better understand floral evolution in Malpighiaceae across their dispersal events.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Plant science – Plant anatomy – Flower anatomy – Sepals – Calyx – Petals – Nectaries – Inflorescences – Physiology – Physiological processes – Secretion – Anatomy – Integumentary system – Skin – Epidermis – Paleontology – Paleobiology – Medicine and health sciences – Earth sciences
Zdroje
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Článek vyšel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 9
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