The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria: A nationwide survey among children, adolescents and adults
Autoři:
Obianuju B. Ozoh aff001; Sunday A. Aderibigbe aff003; Adaeze C. Ayuk aff004; Olufemi O. Desalu aff005; Olufela E. Oridota aff002; Olajumoke Olufemi aff002; Eruke Egbagbe aff007; Musa Babashani aff008; Azeezat Shopeyin aff002; Kingsley Ukwaja aff009; Sandra K. Dede aff002
Působiště autorů:
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
aff001; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria
aff002; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
aff003; Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria
aff004; Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
aff005; Department of Community Medicine and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
aff006; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
aff007; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Aminu Kano University, Kano State, Nigeria
aff008; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakiliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
aff009
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222281
Souhrn
Purpose
Asthma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and information on the prevalence of asthma in Nigeria is inconsistent. Nationally representative data, important for health planning is unavailable. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria.
Materials and methods
A cross-sectional population survey conducted between June 2017 and March 2018 across five cities representing five geo-political zones in Nigeria. Validated screening questionnaires were used to identify persons with asthma and allergic rhinitis respectively. Asthma was defined as physician diagnosed asthma, clinical asthma and by presence of wheeze in the last 12 months respectively. Socio-demographic information, tobacco smoking, sources of household cooking fuel were also obtained.
Results
A total of 20063 participants from 6024 households were screened. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of physician diagnosed asthma, clinical asthma and wheeze was 2.5% (2.3–2.7%), 6.4% (6.0–6.64%) and 9.0% (8.6–9.4%) respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 22.8% (22.2–23.4%). The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis increased with age (prevalence of clinical asthma: 3.1% (2.8–3.4%), 9.8% (9.1–10.5) and 10.7% (9.4%-12.0) among 6–17 years, 18–45 years and >45 years respectively). Prevalence also varied across different cities with the highest prevalence of clinical asthma occurring in Lagos (8.0%) and the lowest in Ilorin (1.1%). The frequency of allergic rhinitis among persons with clinical asthma was 74.7%. Presence of allergic rhinitis, family history of asthma, current smoking and being overweight were independent determinants of current asthma among adults.
Conclusion
The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria is high with variabilities across regions and age groups. The number of persons with clinical asthma in Nigeria (approximately 13 million) is likely to rank among the highest in Africa. This warrants prioritization by stakeholders and policy makers to actively implement risk reduction measures and increase investment in capacity building for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Klíčová slova:
Medicine and health sciences – Pulmonology – Asthma – Clinical medicine – Clinical immunology – Immunology – Otorhinolaryngology – Rhinology – Nasal diseases – Rhinitis – Health care – Health care providers – Medical doctors – Physicians – Biology and life sciences – Allergies – Allergic diseases – Allergic rhinitis – Psychology – Behavior – Habits – Smoking habits – People and places – Geographical locations – Africa – Nigeria – Population groupings – Professions – Medical personnel – Age groups – Social sciences – Engineering and technology – Energy and power – Physical sciences – Materials science – Materials – Fuels
Zdroje
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