Shifts in temperature influence how Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infects amphibian larvae

English version

Autoři: Paul W. Bradley ^aff001; Michael D. Brawner ^aff002; Thomas R. Raffel ^aff003; Jason R. Rohr ^aff004; Deanna H. Olson ^aff005; Andrew R. Blaustein ^aff002
Působiště autorů: Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America ^aff001; Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America ^aff002; Department of Biology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States of America ^aff003; Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America ^aff004; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, United States of America ^aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222237

Souhrn

Many climate change models predict increases in frequency and magnitude of temperature fluctuations that might impact how ectotherms are affected by disease. Shifts in temperature might especially affect amphibians, a group with populations that have been challenged by several pathogens. Because amphibian hosts invest more in immunity at warmer than cooler temperatures and parasites might acclimate to temperature shifts faster than hosts (creating lags in optimal host immunity), researchers have hypothesized that a temperature shift from cold-to-warm might result in increased amphibian sensitivity to pathogens, whereas a shift from warm-to-cold might result in decreased sensitivity. Support for components of this climate-variability based hypothesis have been provided by prior studies of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) that causes the disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians. We experimentally tested whether temperature shifts before exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) alters susceptibility to the disease chytridiomycosis in the larval stage of two amphibian species–western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) and northern red legged frogs (Rana aurora). Both host species harbored elevated Bd infection intensities under constant cold (15° C) temperature in comparison to constant warm (20° C) temperature. Additionally, both species experienced an increase in Bd infection abundance after shifted from 15° C to 20° C, compared to a constant 20° C but they experienced a decrease in Bd after shifted from 20° C to 15° C, compared to a constant 15° C. These results are in contrast to prior studies of adult amphibians highlighting the potential for species and stage differences in the temperature-dependence of chytridiomycosis.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Developmental biology – Life cycles – Larvae – Organisms – Eukaryota – Animals – Vertebrates – Amphibians – Toads – Frogs – Microbiology – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Fungal pathogens – Mycology – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Pathogenesis – Host-pathogen interactions – Euthanasia – Earth sciences – Atmospheric science – Climatology – Climate change

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Shifts in temperature influence how Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infects amphibian larvae

Souhrn

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