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Distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from healthy aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: The contribution of the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS)


Autoři: Helena S. Moreira aff001;  Ana Sofia Costa aff002;  Álvaro Machado aff002;  São Luís Castro aff001;  César F. Lima aff001;  Selene G. Vicente aff001
Působiště autorů: Centre for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal aff001;  Neurocognition Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal aff002;  Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany aff003;  JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Aachen, Germany aff004;  Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221873

Souhrn

Executive functions are affected differently in healthy aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and evaluating them is important for differential diagnosis. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief neuropsychological screening tool, developed to assess executive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Goals: We aimed to examine whether and how MCI patients can be differentiated from cognitively healthy controls (HC) and mild to moderate AD patients based on IFS performance. We also explored how IFS scores are associated with age, years of education, and depressive/anxious symptoms (as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Method: IFS total scores were compared between 26 HC, 32 MCI and 21 mild to moderate AD patients. The three groups were matched for age and education. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was analyzed and optimal cut-offs were determined. Results: Healthy participants had higher IFS scores than both clinical groups, and MCI patients had higher scores than AD patients. IFS showed high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of MCI (AUC = .89, p < .001) and AD (AUC = .99, p < .001), and for the differentiation between the clinical groups (AUC = .76, p < .001). We provide optimal cut-offs for the identification of MCI and AD and for their differentiation. We also found that, in general, higher education predicted higher IFS scores (no associations with age and depressive/anxious symptoms were observed). Altogether, these findings indicate that evaluating executive functions with the IFS can be valuable for the identification of MCI, a high-risk group for dementia, and for differentiating this condition from healthy aging and AD.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Neuroscience – Cognitive science – Cognitive neuroscience – Neuropsychological testing – Working memory – Cognition – Memory – Learning and memory – Neuropsychology – Psychology – Medicine and health sciences – Neurology – Cognitive neurology – Cognitive impairment – Neurodegenerative diseases – Mental health and psychiatry – Dementia – Alzheimer's disease – Mood disorders – Depression – Diagnostic medicine – Social sciences


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