An Out-of-Patagonia migration explains the worldwide diversity and distribution of Saccharomyces eubayanus lineages
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Roberto F. Nespolo aff001; Carlos A. Villarroel aff002; Christian I. Oporto aff002; Sebastián M. Tapia aff002; Franco Vega-Macaya aff002; Kamila Urbina aff002; Matteo De Chiara aff005; Simone Mozzachiodi aff005; Ekaterina Mikhalev aff006; Dawn Thompson aff006; Luis F. Larrondo aff002; Pablo Saenz-Agudelo aff001; Gianni Liti aff005; Francisco A. Cubillos aff002
Působiště autorů:
Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
aff001; Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
aff002; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
aff003; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Santiago, Chile
aff004; Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Nice, France
aff005; Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff006; Departamento Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
aff007
Vyšlo v časopise:
An Out-of-Patagonia migration explains the worldwide diversity and distribution of Saccharomyces eubayanus lineages. PLoS Genet 16(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008777
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008777
Souhrn
Population‐level sampling and whole‐genome sequences of different individuals allow one to identify signatures of hybridization, gene flow and potential molecular mechanisms of environmental responses. Here, we report the isolation of 160 Saccharomyces eubayanus strains, the cryotolerant ancestor of lager yeast, from ten sampling sites in Patagonia along 2,000 km of Nothofagus forests. Frequency of S. eubayanus isolates was higher towards southern and colder regions, demonstrating the cryotolerant nature of the species. We sequenced the genome of 82 strains and, together with 23 available genomes, performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. Our results revealed the presence of five different lineages together with dozens of admixed strains. Various analytical methods reveal evidence of gene flow and historical admixture between lineages from Patagonia and Holarctic regions, suggesting the co-occurrence of these ancestral populations. Analysis of the genetic contribution to the admixed genomes revealed a Patagonian genetic origin of the admixed strains, even for those located in the North Hemisphere. Overall, the Patagonian lineages, particularly the southern populations, showed a greater global genetic diversity compared to Holarctic and Chinese lineages, in agreement with a higher abundance in Patagonia. Thus, our results are consistent with a likely colonization of the species from peripheral glacial refugia from South Patagonia. Furthermore, fermentative capacity and maltose consumption resulted negatively correlated with latitude, indicating better fermentative performance in northern populations. Our genome analysis, together with previous reports in the sister species S. uvarum suggests that a S. eubayanus ancestor was adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Patagonia, a region that provides the ecological conditions for the diversification of these ancestral lineages.
Klíčová slova:
Fermentation – Chile (country) – Phylogenetic analysis – Phylogeography – Population genetics – Saccharomyces – Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Species diversity
Zdroje
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