Common alleles of CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of CHH methylation variation in Arabidopsis thaliana

English version

Autoři: Eriko Sasaki ^aff001; Taiji Kawakatsu ^aff002; Joseph R. Ecker ^aff002; Magnus Nordborg ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria ^aff001; Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America ^aff002; Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America ^aff003; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan ^aff004; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America ^aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: Common alleles of CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of CHH methylation variation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 15(12): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008492
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008492

Souhrn

DNA cytosine methylation is an epigenetic mark associated with silencing of transposable elements (TEs) and heterochromatin formation. In plants, it occurs in three sequence contexts: CG, CHG, and CHH (where H is A, T, or C). The latter does not allow direct inheritance of methylation during DNA replication due to lack of symmetry, and methylation must therefore be re-established every cell generation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously shown that CMT2 and NRPE1 are major determinants of genome-wide patterns of TE CHH methylation. Here we instead focus on CHH methylation of individual TEs and TE-families, allowing us to identify the pathways involved in CHH methylation simply from natural variation and confirm the associations by comparing them with mutant phenotypes. Methylation at TEs targeted by the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway is unaffected by CMT2 variation, but is strongly affected by variation at NRPE1, which is largely responsible for the longitudinal cline in this phenotype. In contrast, CMT2-targeted TEs are affected by both loci, which jointly explain 7.3% of the phenotypic variation (13.2% of total genetic effects). There is no longitudinal pattern for this phenotype, however, because the geographic patterns appear to compensate for each other in a pattern suggestive of stabilizing selection.

Klíčová slova:

Alleles – DNA methylation – Genetic loci – Genome-wide association studies – Methylation – Phenotypes – Plant genomics – Longitude

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