Výběr správného probiotika: od specifičnosti kmenů k racionálnímu klinickému využití

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Autoři: B. Cukrowska
Působiště autorů: Department of Research and Development, Nordic Biotic Ltd., Warsaw, Poland
Vyšlo v časopise: Gastroent Hepatol 2026; 80(4): 301-307
Kategorie: Klinická a experimentální gastroenterologie: přehledová práce
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2026301

Souhrn

Výzkum lidského mikrobiomu výrazně přispěl k rozšíření používání probiotik v klinické praxi. Stále více důkazů naznačuje, že účinky probiotik jsou specifické pro jednotlivé kmeny a neměly by být zobecňovány pro všechny mikrobiální rody či druhy. Účinnost probiotik může záviset také na fenotypu onemocnění, charakteristikách hostitele a funkčních metabolických profilech jednotlivých kmenů. Nedávné pokroky v genomice, metabolomice a dalších multiomických technologiích rozšířily možnosti funkční charakterizace probiotických kmenů a identifikace biologicky aktivních metabolitů podílejících se na komunikaci mezi mikrobiotou a hostitelem. Ačkoli omické přístupy nenahrazují klinické potvrzení účinnosti, mohou podpořit racionální předklinickou identifikaci kmenů s funkčními vlastnostmi relevantními pro definované skupiny pacientů. Tento přehled shrnuje současné vědecké a regulační zásady pro výběr probiotik založený na důkazech, s důrazem na specifičnost kmenů, funkční charakterizaci, omikou řízené předklinické hodnocení a klinicky relevantní aplikace u gastrointestinálních, alergických, respiračních a metabolických poruch.

Klíčová slova:

probiotika – genomika – střevní mikrobiota – dysbióza – mikrobiota – metabolomika – specifika kmenů

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Zdroje

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