Distribúcia HIV-1 subtypov a rezistencie na ART u HIV-infikovaných osôb na Slovensku (2019–2021)

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Autoři: A. Kovářová ^1,2; D. Valkovičová Staneková ² ; M. Hábeková ² ; M. Takáčová ²
Působiště autorů: Department of Laboratory Investigation Methods in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, The University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovak Republica ¹; National Reference Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic ²
Vyšlo v časopise: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 72, 2023, č. 4, s. 203-212
Kategorie: Původní práce

Souhrn

Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo popísať výskyt HIV-1 subtypov a HIV-1 kmeňov rezistentných na antiretrovírusovú liečbu (ART) u HIV pozitívnych osôb novo diagnostikovaných na Slovensku v rokoch 2019–2021.

Materiál a metódy: Študijnú skupinu tvorilo 184 HIV pozitívnych naivných pacientov novo diagnostikovaných na Slovensku v rokoch 2019–2021. Vírusová HIV-1 RNA bola izolovaná z plazmy pomocou QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Nemecko). Pre RT-PCR a sekvenovanie oblasti HIV pol sme použili interné postupy podľa protokolu ANRS AC11 pre RT (reverzná transkriptáza), PRO (proteáza) a IN (integráza) (ANRS AC11 Resistance Study Group, 2015). Analýzu sekvencií sme uskutočnili pomocou softvéru Sequencing Analysis Software v5.3 (Applied Biosystems®). HIV sekvencie boli manuálne upravené pomocou BioEdit (verzia 7.2.5), porovnané s konsenzuálnymi HIV-1 sekvenciami v Los Alamos Sequence Database (URL 2), zarovnané pomocou CLUSTAL W (Labarga et al., 2007) a softvérových balíkov BioEdit (verzia 7.2 .5) (Hall, 1999). Na vyhodnotenie sekvencie sme použili algoritmus HIVDB (verzia 9.0) Stanfordskej databázy HIV liekovej rezistencie (URL 1.). Na analýzu HIV-1 subtypov sme použili nástroj REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool (De Oliviera et al., 2005) a fylogenetickú analýzu sme vypracovali pomocou programu MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018).

Výsledky: Fylogenetickú analýzu sme vykonali zo vzoriek 184 osôb, kde sme odhalili najrozšírenejší subtyp B (129/184, 70,11 %) prevládajúci v populácii u mužov, ktorí majú sex s mužmi (MSM) (96/129 74,42 %). Čo sa týka non-B subtypov (55/184, 29,89 %), najrozšírenejší bol subtyp A (48/184, 26,09 %) v porovnaní so subtypom F (F1) (3; 1,63 %), C (1; 0,54 %) a cirkulujúcimi rekombinantnými formami CRF02_AG (2; 1,09 %), CRF01_AE (1; 0,54 %). U 9,24 % (17/184) vzoriek sme zistili prítomnosť 25 mutácií asociovaných s HIV rezistenciou na ART, z toho 7,07 % (13/184) na inhibítory reverznej transkriptázy, 1,66 % (3/181) na inhibítory proteázy a 1,32 % (2/151) na inhibítory integrázy. Okrem toho u 1,63 % (3/184) pacientov bola prítomná viactriedna rezistencia. Mutácie asociované s rezistenciou HIV na ART sa našli u 9,30 % osôb infikovaných podtypom B.

Záver: Naša štúdia potvrdila pretrvávajúci najvyšší výskyt subtypu B s mierne klesajúcou tendenciou v porovnaní s minulými rokmi. Detekcia mutácií vytvárajúcich rezistenciu HIV na ART podčiarkuje potrebu testovania rezistencie u naivných pacientov ešte pred začatím ART na Slovensku.

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