Roztroušená skleróza – odhalené tajemství imunity

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Autoři: I. S. Barac ¹; V. Văcăraș ¹; A. Cozma ²; L. M. Procopciuc ³
Působiště autorů: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, „Iuliu Haţieganu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ¹; Department of Internal Medicine, „Iuliu Haţieganu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ²; Department of Biochimistry, „Iuliu Haţieganu“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania ³
Vyšlo v časopise: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2020; 83/116(4): 368-374
Kategorie: Přehledný referát
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2020368

Souhrn

Roztroušená skleróza je porucha CNS, která u mladých dospělých po celém světě vede k závažné invaliditě a kognitivním poruchám, což má významný emoční a socioekonomický dopad. Je stále více důkazů o tom, že na iniciaci a progresi tohoto onemocnění se podílí mechanizmy související s imunitou. S významným objevem glymfatického systému a meningeálních lymfatických cév, které jsou nezbytné pro odvádění metabolického odpadu z intersticia, došlo v nejnovějších studiích k předefinování jedinečného konceptu chápání mozku jako imunologicky privilegovaného orgánu. V tomto přehledném referátu se stručně věnujeme složitému spojení mezi CNS a periferním imunitním systémem, kdy buňky imunitního systému přestupují hematoencefalickou bariéru a jsou mediátory rozvoje tohoto onemocnění a rovněž mají přístup k zvláštnímu systému lymfatické drenáže mozku s podílem na etiologii RS. Imunitní systém, který má při poškození neuronů a regeneraci tkání kontrastní role, se tak v úsilí o nalezení vhodné léčby stává váženým partnerem.

Klíčová slova:

roztroušená skleróza – vrozená imunita – získaná imunita – glymfatický systém

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