Analysis of flap sugar as an objective monitoring of intra-operative flap vascularity following a single vein vs. a double vein anastomosis

1. Fang F., Chung KC. An evolutionary perspective on the history of flap reconstruction in the upper extremity. Hand Clin. 2014, 30 (2): 109–122.

2. Kim S., Lee KT. Comparing outcomes of single versus double venous anastomosis in free flap operation for lower extremity defect reconstruction: a meta-analysis. J Wound Manag Res. 2021, 17 (1): 1–8.

3. Matthews JL., Alolabi N., Farrokhyar F., et al. One versus 2 venous anastomoses in free flap surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plast Surg. 2018, 26 (2): 91–98.

4. Jain M, Garg S, Yadav D, et al. Flap and finger-tip blood glucose level monitoring to predict venous thrombosis in free flaps: a simple and effective method. Int J Res Med Sci. 2023, 11 (6): 1983–1986.

5. Wolff K., Hölzle F., Wysluch A., et al. Incidence and time of intraoperative vascular complications in head and neck microsurgery. Microsurgery 2008, 28 (3): 143–146.

6. Tazeen A., Sulli D. Evaluation of post-operative blood glucose monitoring as a objective tool for flap monitoring. Int J Surg Sci. 2020, 4 (1): 145–148.

7. Moubayed SP., Mourad M., Urken ML. What are the optimal monitoring techniques in head and neck microvascular reconstruction? ORL. 2016, 78 (5): 241–214.

8. Stephan D., Blatt S., Riedel J., et al. The impact of transfer-related ischemia on free flap metabolism and electrolyte homeostasis-a new in vivo experimental approach in pigs. J Clin Med. 2023, 12 (20): 6        Kishi K., Ishida K., Makino Y., et al. A simple way to measure glucose and lactate values during free flap head and neck reconstruction surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019, 77 (1): 226.e1–226.e9.

10. Hara H., Mihara M., Iida T., et al. Blood glucose measurement for flap monitoring to salvage flaps from venous thrombosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2012, 65 (5): 616–619.

11. Hanasono MM., Kocak E., Ogunleye O., et al. One versus two venous anastomoses in microvascular free flap surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010, 126 (5): 1548–1557.

12. Stranix JT., Anzai L., Mirrer J., et al. Dual venous outflow improves lower extremity trauma free flap reconstructions. J Surg Res. 2016, 202 (2): 235–238.

Assoc. Prof. Shamendra Anand Sahu, MBBS, MS, MCh

Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India (Pin 492099)

shamendrasahu@gmail.com

Submitted: 25. 9. 2024

Accepted: 16. 1. 2025