Targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma – moving from molecular agents to specific immunotherapy
Authors:
J. Bedke; A. Stenzl
Authors‘ workplace:
Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
; Dept. of Urology
Published in:
Urol List 2014; 12(1): 39-45
Overview
Non‑ specific immunotherapy has been for a long time a standard treatment option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, but was redeemed by specific targeted molecular therapies, namely the VEGF and mTOR inhibitors. After moving treatment of mRCC to specific molecular agents with a well defined mode of action, immunotherapy still needs this further development to increase its accuracy. Nowadays, an evolution from a rather non‑specific cytokine treatment to sophisticated targeted approaches in specific immunotherapy led to a re‑launche of immunotherapy in clinical studies. Recent stepsin the developments of immunotherapy strategies are discussed in this review with a special focus on peptide vaccination which aims at a tumor targeting by specific T lymphocytes. In addition, different combinatory strategies with immunomodulating agents like cyclophosphamide or sunitinib are outlined and the effects of immune checkpoint modulators as anti‑CTLA‑ 4 or PD1 antibodies are discussed.
Key words:
renal cell carcinoma, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, immune therapy, vaccination, IMA-901
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