#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#
CS
proLékaře.cz / Journals / Journal of Czech Physicians / 2023 - 6

Western medicine as a stimulant of scientific progress in Tokugawa Japan

Czech version

Authors: Roman Kodet
Authors‘ workplace: Katedra historických věd FF ZČU v Plzni
Published in: Čas. Lék. čes. 2023; 162: 260-264
Category: History of Medicine

Overview

Until the 17th century, Japan was almost exclusively influenced by the Chinese medical tradition. A brief experience with European medicine was interrupted in the mid-17th century by edicts that isolated the country from outside world. However, thanks to the Dutch presence in Nagasaki, some Japanese intellectuals maintained contact with Western physicians. Thanks to them, the latest medical publications and textbooks gradually spread to Japan. This intellectual exchange led to a surge of interest in new discoveries and stimulated the development of scientific research. Medicine thus played a crucial role in Japan’s subsequent modernization.

Keywords:

Japan, medicine, history, surgery anatomy

Sources
  1. Sugimoto M, Swain DL. Science & Culture in Traditional Japan. Tuttle Publishing, Rutland, Tokyo, 1989: 278.
  2. Tsunoda R, Bary T, Keene D et al. Sources of Japanese Tradition, vol. II. Columbia University Press, New York, London, 2006: 290.
  3. Sansom GB. The Western World and Japan. A Study in the Interaction of European and Asiatic Cultures. Tuttle Publishing, Tokyo, 1984.
  4. Keene D. The Japanese Discovery of Europe, 1720–1830. Stanford University, Stanford, 1969.
  5. Jansen MB. Rangaku and Westernization. Modern Asian Studies 1984; 4: 553.
  6. Toby R. Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Journal of Japanese Studies 1977; 2: 323–363
  7. Suzuki S. 鎖国の正体 秀吉・家康・家光の正しい選択 [Sakoku no šótai Hidejoši, Iejasu, Iemicu no tadaši sentaku]. Kashiwa Shobo, Tokyo, 2022.
  8. Elison G. Deus Destroyed. The Image of Christianity in Early Modern Japan. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London, 1988: 192–193.
  9. Toby R. State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan. Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984: 11–22.
  10. Kshetry G. Foreigners in Japan. A Historical Perspective. Xlibris US, Bloomington, 2008: 79.
  11. Kazui T, Dowing Videen S. Foreign Relations during the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined. The Journal of Japanese Studies 1982; 2: 283–306.
  12. Sansom GB. A History of Japan, 1615–1867. Stanford University, Stanford, 1963: 168–169.
  13. Verwayen FB. Tokugawa Translations of Dutch Legal Texts. Monumenta Nipponica 1998; 3: 337.
  14. Yonemoto M. Mapping Early Modern Japan. Space, Place, and Culture in the Tokugawa Period, 1603–1868. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2003: 105.
  15. Jansen MB. The Making of Modern Japan. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London, 2002: 211.
  16. Leupp GP, Tao DM et al. The Tokugawa World. Taylor & Francis, London, New York, 2022: 1021–1022.
  17. Kim DJ. Transmission of Korean Medicine to Japan during the Age of the Three Kingdoms (37 B. C. – 68 A. D.). Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1958; 3: 195–200.
  18. Ōtori R. The Acceptance of Western Medicine in Japan. Monumenta Nipponica 1964; 3/4: 256.
  19. Fujitani J. The Jesuit Hospital in the Religious Context of Sixteenth-Century Japan. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 2019; 1: 82–83.
  20. Joshi JS, Tewari R. Early Exponents of Western Medicine in Japan. Proceedings of Indian History Congress 2001; 62: 821–822.
  21. Boxer CR. The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650. Carcanet, Manchester, 1993: 176–177, 367–368.
  22. Laver MS. The Sakoku Edicts and the Politics of Tokugawa Hegemony. Cambria Press, Amherst, 2011: 131–132.
  23. Goodman GK. Japan and the Dutch 1600–1853. Taylor & Francis, London, New York, 2000: 19.
  24. Friedrich S, Brendecke A, Ehrenpreis S. Transformations of Knowledge in Dutch Expansion. De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston, 2015: 24–29.
  25. Kaempfer E. Kaempfer’s Kapan. Tokugawa Culture Observed. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1999: 188–190.
  26. Harada I. 官賊と幕臣たち: 列強の日本侵略を防いだ徳川テクノクラート [Kanzoku to bakušin-tači: Rekkjó no Nihon šinrjaku o fuseida Tokugawa tekunokurato]. Mainichi Wanz, Tokyo, 2016: 87.
  27. Veith I. On the Mutual Indebtness of Japanese and Western Medicine. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1978; 3: 390–391.
  28. Michel W. Von Leipzig nach Japan. Der Chirurg und Handelsmann Caspar Schamberger (1623–1706). Iudicium, München, 1999.
  29. Borriello G. La diffusione delle conoscenze medicine Eurepee in Giappone. Il Giappone 2002: 52.
  30. Sakanishi S. Prohibition of Import of certain Chinese Books and the Policy of the Edo Government. Journal of the American Oriental Society 1937; 3: 290–303.
  31. Powel M, Anesaki M. Health Care in Japan. Taylor & Francis, London, New York, 2011: 21–23.
  32. Heijdra MJ. Polyglot Translators: Chinese, Dutch, and Japanese in Introduction of Western Learning in Tokugawa Japan. In: Kroll P, Silk JA. At the Shores of the Sky. Brill, Leiden. 2020: 67.
  33. Kuriyama S. The Historical Origins of Katakori. Japan Review 1997; 9: 131–132.
  34. Wakabayashi BT. Modern Japanese Thought. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998: 45.
  35. Tubbs SR, Shoja MM, Loukas M, Agutter P. History of Anatomy. An International Perspective. Wiley, Hoboken, 2019: 23.
  36. Akihito. Early Cultivators of Science in Japan. Science 1992; 5082: 578.
  37. Ravina M. To Stand with The Nations of the World. Japan’s Meiji Restoration in World History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017: 79–80.
  38. Gulik TM, Nimura Y. Dutch Surgery in Japan. World J Surg 2005; 29: 10–17.
  39. Sachs M. Die Anatomischen Tabellen (1722) des Johann Adam Kulmus (1689–1745): Ein Lehrbuch für die (wund-)ärztliche Ausbildung im deutschen Sprachraum und in Japan. Sudhoffs Archiv 2002; 1: 69–85.
  40. Huffman JL. Japan in World History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010: 55.
  41. Takeshita T. La yȏgaku (rangaku) e la prima introduzione della scienza occidentale in Giappone. Il Giappone 1973: 18.
  42. Ma E. Japan’s Encounter with Western Medical Science: The Beginning of Dutch Study, being the Memoires of an 18th-Century Doctor. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1989; 4: 320–322.
  43. Kikuchi K. The Dawn of Western Science in Japan. Scientific Monthly 1924; 2: 113–128.
  44. Cryns F. Translation of Western Embryological Thought in the Edo Period: Tsuboi Shindō and Malpighi‘s Observations of Fertilized Eggs. Japan Review 2005: 55–89.
  45. Akimoto M. And She Felt No Pain: A Japanese Doctor, His Herbal Invention, and the First General Anesthesia in Recorded History. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, New York, 2018.
  46. Izuo M. Medical History: Seishu Hanaoka and His Success in Breast Cancer Surgery under General Anesthesia Two Hundred Years Ago. Breast Cancer 2004; 4: 319–324.
  47. Suketoshi Y. The European Influence on Physical Sciences in Japan. Monumenta Nipponica 1964; 3/4: 345.
  48. Marcon F. Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, London, 2015: 135–138.
  49. Karube T. Toward the Meiji restoration. The Search for "Civilisation" in Nineteenth-Century Japan. Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, Tokyo, 2019: 99–112.
  50. Jackson T. Network of Knowledge. Western Science and the Tokugawa Information Revolution. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2016: 48.
  51. Wakabayashi BT. Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early-Modern Japan. The New Theses of 1825. Council on East Asian Studies. Harvard University, Harvard, 1986: 9–10.
  52. Cullen LM. A History of Japan, 1582–1941. Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003: 129.
  53. Diény C. Une histoire de l’astronomie japonaise. T’oung Pao 1974; 60: 282–293.
  54. Compton JA, Thijsse G. The Remarkable P. F. von Siebold, His Life in Europe and in Japan. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 2013; 3: 285.
  55. Yamato K. 幕末明治 激動 の 25年 [Bakumacu Meidži gekidó no 25-nen]. Okura Zaimu Kyokai Foundation, Tokyo, 2021.
Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management
Decriminalisation and smart regulation of psychoactive substances: a modern alternative to prohibition
Recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for psychosomatic care
Optimizing nutrition for the treatment of lipedema: new pathways to improved quality of life
Influence of nutritional intervention combined with vitamin D on the development of sarcopenia
Prague medical dissertations – one of the sources of the modern Czech medicine
Erwin Neher (1944–)
The physician, scientist and Moravian – associated professor Jan Lang MD died 105 years ago
Spitalobjekte. Materielle Kulturen des Spitals in der Vormoderne
Eponyms in medicine
Kalendář akcí
Article was published in

Journal of Czech Physicians

Issue 6
2023 Issue 6
Download issue PDF
Most read in this issue
Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#