Immunohaematology – the history, current knowledge and the role of The Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague

Czech version

Authors: M. Písačka; P. Kořínková; E. Matějková; H. T. Bolcková
Authors‘ workplace: Ústav hematologie a krevní transfuze Praha, ředitel prof. MUDr. Marek Trněný, CSc.
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2012; 58(Suppl 2): 103-114
Category:

Overview

Immunohaematology is a branch of the medical science dealing with interactions of the immune system and blood, namely with the detection of blood cells antigens and related antibodies. The discovery of immunohaematology principles in the beginning of 20th century has broken the immune barrier of the blood transfusion and enabled the progress in the transfusion medicine and in all other medical disciplines requiring the transfusion support. Routine use of immunohaematology tests serves for the assurance of compatible blood transfusions and for the diagnostics, monitoring and treatment of allo- and autoimmune cytopenias. So far more than 300 red cell antigens are known (32 blood group systems, several collections and 2 series) together with dozens of thrombocyte and leucocyte antigens and with large HLA system, where immunohaematology borders with the transplantation immunology. In this review we present the history of immunohaematology and the list of diagnostic methods used in this field. Important contribution to the progress of Czechoslovak and later Czech immunohaematology was brought by the immunohaematology department of the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion (ÚHKT), namely by the Reference Laboratory for Immunohaematology (RLI), which serves as a center for specialized laboratory testing and consultation, new methods introduction, proficiency testing schemes organization and international immunohaematology cooperation. Some of results published by the RLI experts have impact on the general immunohaematology knowledge.

Key words:
immunohaematology – blood cells antigens – blood groups: systems, collections, series – antibodies – compatible transfusion – Reference Laboratory for Immunohaematology in ÚHKT

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