#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Scoring systems to evaluate prognosis of community-acquired pneumonias


Authors: J. Beneš 1;  O. Džupová 1;  Z. Blechová 2;  V. Kolek 3
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika infekčních nemocí 3. lékařské fakulty UK a FN Na Bulovce Praha, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jiří Beneš, CSc. 1;  I. infekční klinika 2. lékařské fakulty UK a FN Na Bulovce Praha, přednostka doc. MUDr. Vilma Marešová, CSc. 2;  Klinika plicních nemocí a tuberkulózy Lékařské fakulty UP a FN Olomouc, přednosta prof. MUDr. Vítězslav Kolek, CSc. 3
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2012; 58(5): 357-364
Category: Reviews

Overview

Several expert systems were developed for assessment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its severity in individual patients. Scoring systems PSI, CURB-65, and CRB-65 are widely used. They were primarily designed for easier decision on need of CAP patients hospitalization. Newer scoring systems evaluate especially severity of CAP and need of intensive care. This group of systems comprise ATS/IDSA recommendations, CURXO-8O, SMART-COP, and SMRT-CO. The last one appears to be the most appropriate for common practice but more studies are necessary to confirm this opinion. Regardless of the scoring systems the authors recommend more extensive usage of pulse oxymetry in the care of CAP patients.

Key words:
community-acquired pneumonia – scoring systems – pulse oxymetry


Sources

1. Kolek V, Kolář M, Kašák V et al. Diagnostika a léčba komunitní pneumonie dospělých. Doporučený postup schválený ČLS JEP. Dostupný na adrese: http://www.pneumologie.cz/odborne/doc.

2. Anand N, Kollef MH. The alphabet soup of pneumonia: CAP, HAP, HCAP, NHAP and VAP. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 30: 3–9.

3. Welte T, Köhnlein T. Global and local epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia: the experience of the CAPNETZ Network. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 30: 127–135.

4. Raut M, Schein J, Mody S et al. Estimating the economic impact of a half-day reduction in length of hospital stay among patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the US. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25: 2151–2157.

5. File TM Jr, Marrie TJ. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 2010; 122: 130–141.

6. Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1418–1426.

7. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (Suppl 2): S27–S72.

8. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243–250.

9. Atlas SJ, Benzer TI, Borowsky LH et al. Safely increasing the proportion of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated as outpatients: an interventional trial. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1350–1356.

10. Marrie TJ, Lau CY, Wheeler SL et al. A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. CAPITAL Study Investigators. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin. JAMA 2000; 283: 749–755.

11. Marras TK, Gutierrez C, Chan CK. Applying a prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2000; 118: 1339–1343.

12. España PP, Capelastegui A, Quintana JM et al. A prediction rule to identify allocation of inpatient care in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 695–701.

13. Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, Ortega L et al. Outpatient care compared with hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial in low-risk patients. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 165–172.

14. Yealy DM, Auble TE, Stone RA et al. Effect of increasing the intensity of implementing pneumonia guidelines: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143: 881–894.

15. Renaud B, Coma E, Hayon J et al. Investigation of the ability of the Pneumonia Severity Index to accurately predict clinically relevant outcomes: a European study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 923–931.

16. Aujesky D, Fine MJ. The pneumonia severity index: a decade after the initial derivation and validation. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47 (Suppl 3): S133–S139.

17. Neill AM, Martin IR, Weir R et al. Community acquired pneumonia: aetiology and usefulness of severity criteria on admission. Thorax 1996; 51: 1010–1016.

18. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003; 58: 377–382.

19. Sligl W, Majumdar SR. How important is age in defining the prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24: 142–147.

20. Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Akram AR et al. Severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2010; 65: 878–883.

21. Aujesky D, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneu­monia. Am J Med 2005; 118: 384–392.

22. Buising KL, Thursky KA, Black JF et al. A prospective comparison of severity scores for identifying patients with severe community acquired pneumonia: reconsidering what is meant by severe pneumonia. Thorax 2006; 61: 419–424.

23. Capelastegui A, España PP, Quintana JM et al. Validation of a predictive rule for the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2006; 27: 151–157.

24. Man SY, Lee N, Ip M et al. Prospective comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity of community-acquired pneumonia in Hong Kong. Thorax 2007; 62: 348–353.

25. Ochoa-Gondar O, Vila-Corcoles A, Rodriguez-Blanco T et al. Comparison of three predictive rules for assessing severity in elderly patients with CAP. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65: 1165–1172.

26. Ananda-Rajah MR, Charles PG, Melvani S et al. Comparing the pneumonia severity index with CURB-65 in patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2008; 40: 293–300.

27. Francis NA, Cals JW, Butler CC et al. Severity assessment for lower respiratory infections: potential use and validity of the CRB-65 in primary care. Prim Care Respir J 2012; 21: 65–70.

28. Niederman MS. Making sense of scoring systems in community acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2009; 14: 327–335.

29. Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 375–384.

30. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A et al. American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1730–1754.

31. Brown SM, Jones BE, Jephson AR et al. Validation of the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society 2007 guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 3010–3016.

32. Liapikou A, Ferrer M, Polverino E et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society guidelines to predict an intensive care unit admission. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 377–385.

33. España PP, Capelastegui A, Gorordo I et al. Development and validation of clinical prediction rule for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 1249–1256.

34. Yandiola PP, Capelastegui A, Quintana J et al. Prospective comparison of severity scores for predicting clinically relevant outcomes for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2009; 135: 1572–1579.

35. Fukuyama H, Ishida T, Tachibana H et al. Validation of scoring systems for predicting severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intern Med 2011; 50: 1917–1922.

36. Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. Predicting the need for mechanical ventilation and//or inotropic support for young adults admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 1571–1574.

37. Muller MP, McGeer AJ, Hassan K et al. Evaluation of pneumonia severity and acute physiology scores to predict ICU admission and mortality in patients hospitalized for influenza. PLoS One 2010; 5: e9563.

38. Brandão-Neto RA, Goulart AC, Santana AN et al. The role of Pneumonia scores in the emergency room in patients infected by 2009 H1N1 infection. Eur J Emerg Med 2011. Epub ahead of print.

39. Huaman MA, Diaz-Kuan A, Hegab S et al. CURB-65 and SMRT-CO in the prediction of early transfers to the intensive care unit among patients with community-acquired pneumonia initially admitted to a general ward. J Hosp Med 2011; 6: 513–518.

40. Ewig S, Woodhead M, Torres A. Towards a sensible comprehension of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 214–223.

41. Brown SM, Dean NC. Defining and predicting severe community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010; 23: 158–164.

42. Aydoğdu M, Ozyilmaz E, Aksoy H et al. Mortality prediction in community-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation; values of pneumonia and intensive care unit severity scores. Tuberk Toraks 2010; 58: 25–34.

43. Rello J, Rodriguez A, Lisboa T et al. PIRO score for community-acquired pneumonia: a new prediction rule for assessment of severity in intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 456–462.

44. Guo Q, Li HY, Zhou YP et al. Weight of the IDSA/ATS minor criteria for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med 2011; 105: 1543–1549.

45. Dwyer R, Hedlund J, Darenberg J et al. Improvement of CRB-65 as a prognostic scoring system in adult patients with bacteraemic pneu­mococcal pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 2011; 43: 448–455.

Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicine
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#