The relation of GERD, bronchial asthma and symptomatology from ear, nose and throught regions

Czech version

Authors: Z. Matyášová ¹; B. Novotná ²; M. Matulová ³; J. Dolina ¹; R. Kroupa ¹; Z. Láníková ⁴; V. Znojil ⁵; A. Hep ¹; P. Dítě ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Interní gastroenterologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prof. MUDr. Petr Dítě, DrSc. ¹; Alergologické oddělení Interní gastroenterologické kliniky Lékařské fakulty MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prof. MUDr. Petr Dítě, DrSc. ²; ORL oddělení FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prim. MUDr. Aleš Trnka ³; Viameda, s. r. o., ambulance alergologie a klinické imunologie, Brno, ředitelka RNDr. Veronika Vlčková ⁴; Ústav patologické fyziologie Lékařské fakulty MU, Brno, přednosta prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc. ⁵
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2005; 51(12): 1341-1350
Category: Original Contributions

Overview

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases affecting upper gastrointestinal tract. It is a chronic disease, whith stadily growing incidence and prevalence in west countries during last 30 years. GERD is caused by pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (GER). GERD includes endoscopically positive, endoscopically negative and extraesophageal reflux disease. Extraesophageal symptoms of GERD have been of a growing attention and discussion during last few years. The most discussed topics are the relation of GERD and bronchial asthma (BA), chronic cough and symptomatology from ear, nose and throught (ENT) regions, but also non - cardial chest pain and many others.

Aim:
In our clinic we ran a 5 years study which aim was to evaluate the presence of GERD in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic cough and affections from ENT regions. To assess if 3 months GERD treatment would improve lung function, subjective complaints (cough) and GERD control in asthmatics; if this treatment would allow to step - down with antiasthma medication. To assess if 3 months GERD treatment can improve objective and subjective assessments in patients with chronic cough and findings in ENT regions. As for GERD, we evaluated the improvement of pH and subjective complaints (pyrosis).

Methods:
We examined 86 patients with different severity of bronchial asthma, 54 patients with chronic cough and 31 patients with ENT symptoms. All patients underwent 24 hour esophageal pH metry, spirometry with lung function evaluation and objective ENT examination by flexible laryngoscopy. In case of pathologic finding on 24 hour pH-metry 3 months full antireflux treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and prokinetics was introduced. After 3 months of GERD treatment we performed control 24 hour esophageal pH metry, control spirometry and ENT examination by flexible laryngoscopy. Patients were asked to make their subjective symptoms assessments.

Results:
We found that GERD prevalence in patients with respiratory symptoms was very high. Three months GERD treatment improved lung function (FEV₁) with statistical significance (p = 0.0319), and so improved GERD control (in 60.7 % of patients with high statistical significance p = 0.0009). Subjective complaints (cough) also improved in most patients. 3 months GERD treatment did not allow to step down with maintenance BA therapy according to GINA guidelines, but it enabled to decrease the rescue medications in 50 % of patients. Patients with chronic cough can benefit from GERD treatment as cough improved in 75.8 % of patients.

Conclusion:
Objective findings as well as subjective complaints improved in 75 % of patients with ENT symptomatology. GERD control (DeMeester score and pyrosis if present) was highly statistically significant in all three groups of patients. It is necessary to mention, that there is a high presence of nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB) in patients with respiratory symptoms: 30.3 % in patients with bronchial asthma, 63.6 % in patients with chronic cough and 45 % of patients with ENT manifestations.

Key words:
gastroesophageal reflux - bronchial asthma - cough - ENT - proton pump inhibitors - prokinetics - pH-metry - nocturnal acid breakthrough

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