#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Leptospirosis in the Czech Republic and Potential for Laboratory Diagnosis


Authors: J. Smetana 1;  Z. Čermáková 2,4;  V. Boštíková 1;  P. Kučerová 2;  P. Prášil 3;  O. Pavliš 4;  R. Chlíbek 1
Authors‘ workplace: Katedra epidemiologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví UO, Hradec Králové 1;  Ústav a katedra klinické mikrobiologie, Lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice, Hradec Králové 2;  Klinika infekčních nemocí, Lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice, Hradec Králové 3;  Ústřední vojenský zdravotní ústav Praha, Centrum biologické ochrany, Těchonín 4
Published in: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 59, 2010, č. 4, s. 159-167

Overview

Leptospirosis is a fever disease of worldwide distribution in both humans and animals. Its incidence is considerably underreported since many cases either remain asymptomatic or only have mild clinical symptoms and are diagnosed improperly or with a delay or are even misdiagnosed. As many as 90 % of symptomatic patients have anicteric disease, non-specific fever with influenza-like symptoms or signs of serous meningitis. The remaining about 10 % develop more serious icteric disease (Weil’s disease) with liver and renal dysfunction. In the Czech Republic, the disease occurs sporadically and has a long-term downward trend. In 1990–2008, 789 cases of leptospirosis were reported with the annual mean rate of 0.4 cases /100,000 population. The epidemic potential of the disease was documented after floods in 2002 that afflected a part of the country. The annual mean incidence rates in 1990–2008 were 3.1 times as high in women as in men. The disease has a seasonal trend, with the reported cases rising in spring and showing a significant peak in August.

Key words:
leptospirosis – Czech Republic – incidence – diagnosis.


Sources

1. Bal, A. M. Unusual clinical manifestations of leptospirosis. J. Postgrad. Med., 2005, 51, 3, p. 179–183.

2. Bal, A. E., Gravekamp, C., Hartskeerl, R. A., De Meza-Brewster, J., Korvet, H. et al. Detection of leptospires in urine by PCR for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1994, 32, 8, p. 1894–1938.

3. Bharadwaj, R. Leptospirosis – a reemerging disease? Indian J. Med. Res., 2004, 120, p. 136–138.

4. Bharti, A. R., Nally, J. E., Ricaldi, J. N., Matthias, M. A., Diaz, M. M. et al. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importace. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2003, 3, 12, p. 757–771.

5. Cruz, L. S., Vargas, R., Lopes, A. A. Leptospirosis: a worldwide resurgent zoonosis and important cause of acute renal failure and death in developing nations. Ethn. Dis., 2009, 19, 1, Suppl. 1, p. S1 37–41.

6. Cumberland, P., Everard, C. O., Levett, P. N. Assessment of the efficacy of an IgM-elisa and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in the diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1999, 61, 5, p. 731–734.

7. Čermáková, Z., Ryšková, O., Plíšková, L. Laboratory diagnosis of Leptospirosis. Folia Microbiologica, 2005, 50, 4, p. 345–349.

8. Čermáková, Z., Stach J., Ryšková, O. Weilova nemoc: těžký průběh s respirační insuficiencí. Čas. Lék. čes., 2004, 143, 10, p. 705–707.

9. Fonseca, C. A., Teixeira, M. M., Romeo, E. C., Tengan, F. M., Silva, M. V. Leptospira DNA detection for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. J. Infect., 2006, 52, 1, p. 15–22.

10. Green-McKenzie, J., Shoff, W. H. Leptospirosis in humans, 2010. Dostupné na WWW:

http://emedicine. medscape.com/article/788751-overview

11. Havlík, J., Göpfertová, D., Marešová, V., Roháčová, H., Vaništa, J. Infekční nemoci. 2. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2002, 186 s.

12. Christova, I., Tasseva, E., Manev, H. Human Leptospirosis in Bulgaria, 1989–2001: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Serological Features. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2003, 35, 11–12, p. 869–872.

13. Katz, A. R., Ansdell, V. E., Effler, P. V., Middleton, C. R., Sasaki, D. M. Assessment of the Clinical Presentation and Treatment of 353 Cases of Laboratory--Confirmed Leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2001, 33, p. 1834–1841.

14. Ko, A., Galvčo Reis, M., Ribeiro Dourado, C. M., Johnson, W. D., Riley, L. W. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group. Lancet, 1999, 354, 9181, p. 820–825.

15. Kupek, E., De Sousa Santos Faversani, M. C., De Souza Philippi, J. M. The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianópolis, Brazil, 1991–1996. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 2000, 4, 3, p. 131–134.

16. Laras, K., Van, C. B., Bounlu, K., Tien, N. T. K., Olson, J. G. et al. The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2002, 67, 3, p. 278–286.

17. Levett, P. N. Leptospirosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2001, 14, 2, p. 296–326.

18. Marotto, F. C. P., Nascimento, R. M. C., Eluf-Neto, J. et al. Acute lung injury in leptospirosis: Clinical and laboratory features, outcome, and factors associated with mortality. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1999, 29, p. 1561–1563.

19. Murray, P. R., Rosenthal, K. S., Kobayashi, G. S., Pfaller, M. A. Medical Microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002, 826 p.

20. Palaniappan, R. U., Chany, Y. F., Chany, C. F., Pan, M. J., Yang, C. W. et al. Evaluation of lig-based conventional and real time PCR for the detection of pathogenic leptospires. Mol. Cell. Probes., 2005, 19, 2, p. 111–117.

21. Pavli, A., Maltezou, H. C. Travel-Acquired Leptospirosis. Journal of Travel Medicine, 2008, 15, 6, p. 447–453.

22. Sambsiava, R. R., Naveen, G., Bhalla, P., Agarwal, S. K. Leptospirosis in India and the rest of the world. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 2003, 7, 3, p. 178–193.

23. Scharfetter, A., Mühlhans, M., Payer, S., Wenisch, C. Three cases of leptospirosis requiring intensive care. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2004, 23, p. 905–908.

24. Šerý, V., Bálint, O. Tropická a cestovní medicína. Praha: Medon, 1998, 569 s.

25. Treml, F., Nesnalova, E. Leptospirosis in slaughter cattle-serologic and bacterial study. Vet. Med. (Praha), 1995, 40, 10, p. 305–309.

26. Trevejo, R. T., Rigau-Pérez, J. G., Ashford, D. A., McClure, E. M., Jarquín-González, C. et al. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage – Nicaragua. J. Infect. Dis., 1998, 178, 5, p. 1457–1463.

27. Tullu, M. S., Karande, S. Leptospirosis in children: A review for family physicians. Indian J. Med. Sci., 2009, 63, p. 368–378.

28. Votava, M. et al. Lékařská mikrobiologie speciální. Brno : Neptun, 2003, 495 s.

29. Zitek, K. Leptospirózy – zdravotní riziko po povodních. Zprávy CEM (SZÚ Praha), 2002,11, 8, p. 336–337.

30. Zitek, K., Beneš, Č. Dlouhodobá epidemiologie leptospirózy (1963–2003) v České republice. Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 2005, 54, 1, p. 21–26.

31. Vijayachari, P., Sugunan, A. P., Shriram, A. N. Leptospirosis: an emerging global public health problem. J. Biosci., 2008, 33, p. 557–569.

32. Waitkins, S. A. Leptospirosis as an occupational disease. Br. J. Ind. Med., 1986, 43, p. 721–725.

33. World Health Organization. Flooding and communicable diseases fact sheet. Weekly epidemiological record, 2005, 80, 3, 21–28.

Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiology
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#