#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Lipophilic Yeasts of the Genus Malassezia and Skin Diseases.
I. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis


Authors: D. Buchvald
Authors‘ workplace: Detská dermatovenerologická klinika LFUK a DFNsP, Bratislava, Slovenská republika
Published in: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 59, 2010, č. 3, s. 119-125

Overview

Recent technological advances have revived the interest in Malassezia yeasts and their clinical role, which has long been a matter of controversy because of their fastidious nature in vitro and relative difficulty in isolation, cultivation and identification. Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia form a part of normal microbial flora of healthy human (and animal) skin, but they also have been associated with several dermatological diseases, like seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Our understanding of the interactions between Malassezia and the host might provide new opportunities to better control these often chronically relapsing diseases.

Key words:
yeasts – Malassezia – seborrhoeic dermatitis.


Sources

1. Ashbee, H. R. Update on the genus Malassezia. Med. Mycol., 2007, 45, 4, p. 287–303.

2. Ashbee, H. R., Evans, E. G. Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2002, 15, 1, p. 21–57.

3. Aspiroz, C., Moreno, L. A., Rezusta, A., Rubio, C. Differentiation of three biotypes of Malassezia species on human normal skin. Correspondence with M. globosa, M. sympodialis and M. restricta. Mycopathologia, 1999, 145, 2, p. 69–74.

4. Ayhan, M., Sancak, B., Karaduman, A., Arikan, S. et al. Colonization of neonate skin by Malassezia species: relationship with neonatal cephalic pustulosis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2007, 57, 6, p. 1012–1018.

5. Baillon, H. Traite de botanique medicale cryptogamique. Paris : Octave Doin, 1889, 376 p.

6. Baroni, A., Perfetto, B., Paoletti, I., Ruocco, E. et al. Malassezia furfur invasiveness in a keratinocyte cell line (HaCat): effects on cytoskeleton and on adhesion molecule and cytokine expression. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2001, 293, 8, p. 414–419.

7. Batra, R., Boekhout, T., Gueho, E., Cabanes, F. J. et al. Malassezia Baillon, emerging clinical yeasts. FEMS Yeast Res., 2005, 5, 12, p. 1101–1113.

8. Benham, R. W. The cultural characteristics of Pityrosporum ovale – a lipophylic fungus. J. Invest. Dermatol., 1939, 2, 4, p. 187–203.

9. Bergbrant, I. M., Andersson, B., Faergemann, J. Cell-mediated immunity to Malassezia furfur in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 1999, 24, 5, p. 402–406.

10. Bergbrant, I. M., Faergemann, J. Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum ovale: a cultural and immunological study. Acta Derm. Venereol., 1989, 69, 4, p. 332–335.

11. Brunke, S., Hube, B. MfLIP1, a gene encoding an extracellular lipase of the lipid-dependent fungus Malassezia furfur. Microbiology, 2006, 152, 2, p. 547–554.

12. Burkhart, C. G., Burkhart, C. N. Qualitative, not quantitative, alterations of sebum important in seborrhoeic dermatitis. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2009, 23, 4, p. 441–441.

13. Burton, J. L., Pye, R. J. Seborrhoea is not a feature of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 1983, 286, 6372, p. 1169–1170.

14. Cabanes, F. J., Theelen, B., Castella, G., Boekhout, T. Two new lipid-dependent Malassezia species from domestic animals. FEMS Yeast Res., 2007, 7, 6, p. 1064–1076.

15. Cannon, P. F. International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF): name changes in fungi of microbiological, industrial and medical importance. Part 2. Microbiol. Sci., 1986, 3, 9, p. 285–287.

16. Chen, T. A., Hill, P. B. The biology of Malassezia organisms and their ability to induce immune responses and skin disease. Vet. Dermatol., 2005, 16, 1, p. 4–26.

17. Crespo, M. J., Abarca, M. L., Cabanes, F. J. Occurrence of Malassezia spp. In horses and domestic ruminants. Mycoses, 2002, 45, 8, p. 333–337.

18. Crespo, M. J., Abarca, M. L., Cabanes, F. J. Occurrence of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canals of dogs and cats with and without otitis externa. Med. Mycol., 2002, 40, 2, p. 115–121.

19. Crespo-Erchiga, V., Delgado Florencio, V. Malassezia species in skin diseases. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., 2002, 15, 2, p. 133–142.

20. Cunningham, A. C., Leeming, J. P., Ingham, E., Gowland, G. Differentiation of three serovars of Malassezia furfur. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 1990, 68, 5, p. 439–446.

21. Dawson, T. L., Jr. Malassezia globosa and restricta: breakthrough understanding of the etiology and treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis through whole-genome analysis. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc., 2007, 12, 2, p. 15–19.

22. DeAngelis, Y. M., Gemmer, C. M., Kaczvinsky, J. R., Kenneally, D. C. et al. Three etiologic facets of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous lipids, and individual sensitivity. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc., 2005, 10, 3, p. 295–297.

23. DeAngelis, Y. M., Saunders, C. W., Johnstone, K. R., Reeder, N. L. et al. Isolation and expression of a Malassezia globosa lipase gene, LIP1. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2007, 127, 9, p. 2138–2146.

24. Donnarumma, G., Paoletti, I., Buommino, E., Orlando, M. et al. Malassezia furfur induces the expression of beta-defensin-2 in human keratinocytes in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2004, 295, 11, p. 474–481.

25. Dorn, M., Roehnert, K. Dimorphism of Pityrosporum orbiculare in a defined culture medium. J. Invest. Dermatol., 1977, 69, 2, p. 244–248.

26. Eichstedt, E. Pilzbildung in der Pityriasis versicolor. Froriep neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde, 1846, 39, p. 270–271.

27. Gaitanis, G., Chasapi, V., Velegraki, A. Novel application of the Masson-Fontana stain for demonstrating Malassezia species melanin-like pigment production in vitro and in clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2005, 43, 8, p. 4147–4151.

28. Gueho, E., Midgley, G., Guillot, J. The genus Malassezia with description of four new species. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1996, 69, 4, p. 337–355.

29. Guillot, J., Gueho, E. The diversity of Malassezia yeasts confirmed by rRNA sequence and nuclear DNA comparisons. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1995, 67, 3, p. 297–314.

30. Gupta, A. K., Batra, R., Bluhm, R., Boekhout, T. et al. Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 2004, 51, 5, p. 785–798.

31. Gupta, A. K., Bluhm, R., Summerbell, R. Pityriasis versicolor. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 2002, 16, 1, p. 19–33.

32. Gupta, A. K., Kohli, Y. Prevalence of Malassezia species on various body sites in clinically healthy subjects representing different age groups. Med. Mycol., 2004, 42, 1, p. 35–42.

33. Gupta, A. K., Kohli, Y., Summerbell, R. C., Faergemann, J. Quantitative culture of Malassezia species from different body sites of individuals with or without dermatoses. Med. Mycol., 2001, 39, 3, p. 243–251.

34. Harding, C. R., Moore, A. E., Rogers, J. S., Meldrum, H. et al. Dandruff: a condition characterized by decreased levels of intercellular lipids in scalp stratum corneum and impaired barrier function. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2002, 294, 5, p. 221–230.

35. Hay, R. J., Graham-Brown, R. A. Dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis: causes and management. Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 1997, 22, 1, p. 3–6.

36. Hibbett, D. S., Binder, M., Bischoff, J. F., Blackwell, M. et al. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycol. Res., 2007, 111, 5, p. 509–547.

37. Hirai, A., Kano, R., Makimura, K., Duarte, E. R. et al. Malassezia nana sp. nov., a novel lipid-dependent yeast species isolated from animals. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 2, p. 623–627.

38. Kligman, A. M. Perspectives and problems in cutaneous gerontology. J. Invest. Dermatol., 1979, 73, 1, p. 39–46.

39. Kramer, H. J., Kessler, D., Hipler, U. C., Irlinger, B. et al. Pityriarubins, novel highly selective inhibitors of respiratory burst from cultures of the yeast Malassezia furfur: comparison with the bisindolylmaleimide arcyriarubin A. ChemBioChem, 2005, 6, 12, p. 2290–2297.

40. Langfelder, K., Streibel, M., Jahn, B., Haase, G. et al. Biosynthesis of fungal melanins and their importance for human pathogenic fungi. Fungal. Genet. Biol., 2003, 38, 2, p. 143–158.

41. Lee, Y. W., Yim, S. M., Lim, S. H., Choe, Y. B. et al. Quantitative investigation on the distribution of Malassezia species on healthy human skin in Korea. Mycoses, 2006, 49, 5, p. 405–410.

42. Malassez, L. Note sur le champignon du pityriasis simple. Arch. Physiol., 1874, 2, 1, p. 451–464.

43. Mayser, P., Tows, A., Kramer, H. J., Weiss, R. Further characterization of pigment-producing Malassezia strains. Mycoses, 2004, 47, 1–2, p. 34–39.

44. Mayser, P., Wille, G., Imkampe, A., Thoma, W. et al. Synthesis of fluorochromes and pigments in Malassezia furfur by use of tryptophan as the single nitrogen source. Mycoses, 1998, 41, 7–8, p. 265–271.

45. Mittag, H. Fine structural investigation of Malassezia furfur. II. The envelope of the yeast cells. Mycoses, 1995, 38, 1–2, p. 13–21.

46. Nazzaro-Porro, M., Passi, S. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in cultures of Pityrosporum. J. Invest. Dermatol., 1978, 71, 3, p. 205–208.

47. Nell, A., James, S. A., Bond, C. J., Hunt, B. et al. Identification and distribution of a novel Malassezia species yeast on normal equine skin. Vet. Rec., 2002, 150, 13, p. 395–398.

48. Neuber, K., Kroger, S., Gruseck, E., Abeck, D. et al. Effects of Pityrosporum ovale on proliferation, immunoglobulin (IgA, G, M) synthesis and cytokine (IL-2, IL-10, IFN gamma) production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 1996, 288, 9, p. 532–536.

49. Parry, M. E., Sharpe, G. R. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is not caused by an altered immune response to Malassezia yeast. Br. J. Dermatol., 1998, 139, 2, p. 254–263.

50. Pierard, G. E., Arrese, J. E., Pierard-Franchimont, C., De Doncker, P. Prolonged effects of antidandruff shampoos – time to recurrence of Malassezia ovalis colonization of skin. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 1997, 19, 3, p. 111–117.

51. Pierard-Franchimont, C., Xhauflaire-Uhoda, E., Pierard, G. E. Revisiting dandruff. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2006, 28, 5, p. 311–318.

52. Ro, B. I., Dawson, T. L. The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc., 2005, 10, 3, p. 194–197.

53. Sabouraud, R. Maladies de cuir chevelu. II. Les maladies desquamatives, pityriasis et alopecies. Paris: Masson, 1904, 646 p.

54. Sandstrom Falk, M. H., Tengvall Linder, M., Johansson, C., Bartosik, J. et al. The prevalence of Malassezia yeasts in patients with atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and healthy controls. Acta Derm. Venereol., 2005, 85, 1, p. 17–23.

55. Shibata, N., Okanuma, N., Hirai, K., Arikawa, K. et al. Isolation, characterization and molecular cloning of a lipolytic enzyme secreted from Malassezia pachydermatis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2006, 256, 1, p. 137–144.

56. Shifrine, M., Marr, A. G. The requirement of fatty acids by Pityrosporum ovale. J. Gen. Microbiol., 1963, 32, p. 263–270.

57. Simmons, R. B., Gueho, E. A new species of Malassezia. Mycol. Res., 1990, 94, 8, p. 1146–1149.

58. Sugita, T., Suzuki, M., Goto, S., Nishikawa, A. et al. Quantitative analysis of the cutaneous Malassezia microbiota in 770 healthy Japanese by age and gender using a real-time PCR assay. Med. Mycol., 2009, DOI: 10.1080/13693780902977976.

59. Sugita, T., Tajima, M., Takashima, M., Amaya, M. et al. A new yeast, Malassezia yamatoensis, isolated from a patient with seborrheic dermatitis, and its distribution in patients and healthy subjects. Microbiol. Immunol., 2004, 48, 8, p. 579–583.

60. Sugita, T., Takashima, M., Kodama, M., Tsuboi, R. et al. Description of a new yeast species, Malassezia japonica, and its detection in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2003, 41, 10, p. 4695–4699.

61. Sugita, T., Takashima, M., Shinoda, T., Suto, H. et al. New yeast species, Malassezia dermatis, isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2002, 40, 4, p. 1363–1367.

62. Tajima, M., Sugita, T., Nishikawa, A., Tsuboi, R. Molecular analysis of Malassezia microflora in seborrheic dermatitis patients: comparison with other diseases and healthy subjects. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2008, 128, 2, p. 345–351.

63. Thomas, D. S., Ingham, E., Bojar, R. A., Holland, K. T. In vitro modulation of human keratinocyte pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by the capsule of Malassezia species. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2008, 54, 2, p. 203–214.

64. Xu, J., Saunders, C. W., Hu, P., Grant, R. A. et al. Dandruff-associated Malassezia genomes reveal convergent and divergent virulence traits shared with plant and human fungal pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007, 104, 47, p. 18730–18735.

65. Zouboulis, C. C., Schagen, S., Alestas, T. The sebocyte culture: a model to study the pathophysiology of the sebaceous gland in sebostasis, seborrhoea and acne. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2008, 300, 8, p. 397–413.

Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiology

Article was published in

Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology

Issue 3

2010 Issue 3

Most read in this issue
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#