-
Medical journals
- Career
Obstructive sleep apnoea and therapy options with a mandibular protraktor
Authors: E. Řezáčová 1,2; H. Böhmová 1,2; L. Hauer 1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Korespondující autorka *; Stomatologická klinika, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova 1; Stomatologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň 2
Published in: Česká stomatologie / Praktické zubní lékařství, ročník 125, 2025, 2, s. 35-42
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2025.003Overview
Introduction and aim: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is nowadays an increasingly recognized health issue, not only due to the rising number of diagnosed cases but also because of new knowledge about its pathophysiology and health consequences. This article aims to provide a review of the current literature and new information regarding conservative therapy of OSA in adult patients, with a focus on the use of mandibular advancement devices (MADs).
Methods: Databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Ebsco were used for literature search. Key information and results from individual studies were summarized.
Results: Currently, an increasing number of scientific articles are being published on OSA and MAD. However, there are no precise recommendations and guidelines regarding the design of the appliance, the type of appliance used or the mode of use, so further research is needed on this topic.
Conclusion: Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the most effective form of treatment, MADs offer a promising alternative for patients who are unable to tolerate CPAP. Our review also suggests that further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of MADs in the management of OSA.
Keywords:
obstructive sleep apnoea, mandibular protractor, MAD
Sources
1.Lee JJ, Sundar KM.
Evaluation and management of adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lung. 2021; 199(2): 87–101.
doi: 10.1007/s00408-021-00426-w2. Eckert DJ, Jordan AS, Merchia P, Malhotra A.
Central sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and treatment. Chest. 2007; 131(2): 595–607.
doi: 10.1378/chest.06.22873. Jordan AS, McSharry DG, Malhotra A. Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet. 2014; 383(9918): 736–747.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60734-54. Young T, Finn L, Austin D, Peterson A. Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167(9): 1181–1185.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200209-1055OC5. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM,
Ten Have T, Rein J, Vela-Bueno A, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(3 Pt 1): 608–613.
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.99110646. Vranková Z, Turčáni P, Horník P,
Bryšová A, Izakovičová Hollá L,
Černochová P, et al.
Obstructive sleep apnea in relation to orthodontic treatment in children. Čes stomatol Prakt zub lék. 2020; 120(1): 13–25. doi: 10.51479/cspzl.2020.0057. Chang JL, Goldberg AN, Alt JA,
Alzoubaidi M, Ashbrook L,
Auckley D, et al.
International consensus statement on obstructive sleep apnea. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2023; 13(7): 1061–1482.
doi: 10.1002/alr.230798. Schwab RJ, Pasirstein M, Pierson R, Mackley A, Hachadoorian R, Arens R, et al.
Identification of upper airway anatomic risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 168(5): 522–530. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200208-866OC9. Gungor AY, Turkkahraman H, Yilmaz HH, Yariktas M.
Cephalometric comparison of obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy controls. Eur J Dent. 2013; 7(1): 48–54.
doi: 10.1055/s-0039-169899510. Johal A, Patel SI, Battagel JM.
The relationship between craniofacial anatomy and obstructive sleep apnoea: a case-controlled study. J Sleep Res. 2007; 16(3): 319–326.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00599.x11. Tsai HH, Ho CY, Lee PL, Tan CT. Cephalometric analysis of nonobese snorers either with or without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Angle Orthod. 2007; 77(6): 1054–1061. doi: 10.2319/112106-477.1
12. Younes M.
Role of arousals in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 169 : 623–633.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200307-1023OC13. Younes M.
Pharyngeal anatomy and severity of obstructive apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 170(6): 716.
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.170.6.95014. Chhatre S, Chang YHA, Gooneratne NS,
Kuna S, Strollo P, Jayadevappa R. Association between adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment and cost among medicare enrollees. Sleep. 2020; 43(1): zsz188.
doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsz18815. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165(9): 1217–1239.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.210908016. Drager LF, McEvoy RD, Barbe F,
Lorenzi-Filho G, Redline S,
INCOSACT Initiative (International Collaboration of Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Trialists). Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: lessons from recent trials and need for team science. Circulation. 2017; 136(19): 1840–1850.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.02940017. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, Shahar E,
Samet JM, Redline S, et al.
Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA. 2000; 283(14): 1829–1836.
doi: 10.1001/jama.283.14.182918. O’Connor GT, Caffo B, Newman AB, Quan SF, Rapoport DM, Redline S, et al.
Prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009; 179(12): 1159–1164.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200712-1809OC19. Bauters F, Rietzschel ER,
Hertegonne KBC, Chirinos JA.
The link between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2016; 18(1): 1.
doi: 10.1007/s11883-015-0556-z20. Bucks RS, Olaithe M, Eastwood P. Neurocognitive function in obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-review. Respirol Carlton Vic. 2013; 18(1): 61–70.
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02255.x21. Olaithe M, Bucks RS, Hillman DR,
Eastwood PR.
Cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea: Insights from a meta-review and comparison with deficits observed in COPD, insomnia,
and sleep deprivation.
Sleep Med Rev. 2018; 38 : 39–49.
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.00522. Narkiewicz K, Somers VK.
Sympathetic nerve activity in obstructive sleep apnoea. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003; 177(3): 385–390.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01091.x23. Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnostic Testing for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea:
An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2017; 13(3): 479–504.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.650624. Berry RB, Budhiraja R, Gottlieb DJ, Gozal D, Iber C, Kapur VK, et al.
Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Deliberations of the sleep apnea definitions task force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2012; 8(5): 597–619.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.217225. Mansukhani MP, Kolla BP, Wang Z, Morgenthaler TI.
Effect of varying definitions of hypopnea on the diagnosis and clinical outcomes of sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2019; 15(5): 687–696.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.775026. Gambino F, Zammuto MM, Virzì A, Conti G, Bonsignore MR.
Treatment options in obstructive sleep apnea. Intern Emerg Med. 2022; 17(4): 971–978.
doi: 10.1007/s11739-022-02983-127. Liu SYC, Riley RW, Yu MS.
Surgical algorithm for obstructive sleep apnea: An Update. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020; 13(3): 215–224.
doi: 10.21053/ceo.2020.0105328. Foltán R, Pretl M, Donev F, Hoffmannova J, Vlk M, Sonka K, et al.
Changing of facial skeleton for treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Prague Med Rep. 2005; 106 : 149–158.29. Yang MC, Hsu YB, Lan MY, Lan MC. The comparison of multilevel surgery (hyoid myotomy and suspension with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty) with CPAP in moderate to severe OSAS patients. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc EUFOS Affil Ger Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol – Head Neck Surg. 2020; 277(8): 2349–2355. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05951-7
30. Al-Abri MA, Al-Harmeli A,
Al-Habsi M, Jaju D.
Acceptance and compliance of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: local population survey. Oman Med J. 2020; 35(6): e198.
doi: 10.5001/omj.2020.9431. Ramar K, Dort LC, Katz SG, Lettieri CJ, Harrod CG, Thomas SM, et al.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring with Oral Appliance Therapy: An Update for 2015.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2015; 11(07): 773–827.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.485832. Sharples LD, Clutterbuck-James AL,
Glover MJ, Bennett MS, Chadwick R,
Pittman MA, et al.
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of oral mandibular advancement devices and continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea. Sleep Med Rev. 2016; 27 : 108–124.
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.05.00333. Mehra P, Wolford LM.
Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent. 2000;
13(4): 338–342.
doi: 10.1080/08998280.2000.1192770134. Yang J, Rosenmöller BR AM,
van Riet TCT, Tan ML, Jamaludin FS,
Ho JPTF, et al.
Smart mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic literature review. Sleep Breath. 2024; 28 : 1879–1887. doi: 10.1007/s11325-024-03068-335. Gupta A, Tripathi A, Rai P, Sharma P, Tripathi S.
A study to evaluate the changes in upper airway volume and sleep parameters in edentulous class II OSA patients treated with mandibular advancement splint fabricated at different jaw positions. J Sleep Med Disord. 2020; 6(4): 1115.36. Mogell K, Blumenstock N, Mason E, Rohatgi R, Shah S, Schwartz D.
Definition of an effective oral appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring: an update for 2019. J Dent Sleep Med. 2019; 6(3).
doi: 10.15331/jdsm.709037. Sutherland K, Vanderveken OM,
Tsuda H, Marklund M, Gagnadoux F, Kushida CA, et al.
Oral appliance treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: an update. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014; 10(2): 215–227.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.346038. Ahrens A, McGrath C, Hägg U. A systematic review of the efficacy of oral appliance design in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur J Orthod. 2011; 33(3): 318–324.
doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjq07939. Vanderveken OM, Devolder A, Marklund M, Boudewyns AN, Braem MJ, Okkerse W, et al.
Comparison of a custom-made and a thermoplastic oral appliance for the treatment of mild sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 178(2): 197–202.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200701-114OC40. Dieltjens M, Vanderveken OM.
Oral appliances in obstructive sleep apnea. Healthcare. 2019; 7(4): 141. doi: 10.3390/healthcare704014141. Cistulli PA, Gotsopoulos H,
Marklund M, Lowe AA.
Treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with mandibular repositioning appliances. Sleep Med Rev. 2004; 8(6): 443–457. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2004.04.00242. Pépin JL, Raymond N, Lacaze O, Aisenberg N, Forcioli J, Bonte E, et al.
Heat-moulded versus custom-made mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Thorax. 2019; 74(7): 667–674. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-21272643. Kato J, Isono S, Tanaka A, Watanabe T, Araki D, Tanzawa H, et al.
Dose-dependent effects of mandibular advancement on pharyngeal mechanics and nocturnal oxygenation in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Chest. 2000; 117(4): 1065–1072. doi: 10.1378/chest.117.4.106544. Aarab G, Arcache P, Lavigne GJ, Lobbezoo F, Huynh N.
The effects of mandibular advancement appliance therapy on jaw-closing muscle activity during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a 3–6 months follow-up. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020; 16(9): 1545–1553. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.861245. Sari E, Menillo S.
Comparison of titratable oral appliance and mandibular advancement splint in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. ISRN Dent. 2011; 2011 : 581692.
doi: 10.5402/2011/58169246. Ma Y, Yu M, Gao X.
The effect of gradually increased mandibular advancement on the efficacy of an oral appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2020; 16(8): 1369–1376. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.855647. Aarab G, Lobbezoo F, Hamburger HL, Naeije M.
Effects of an oral appliance with different mandibular protrusion positions at a constant vertical dimension on obstructive sleep apnea.
Clin Oral Investig. 2010; 14(3): 339–345.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-009-0298-948. Manetta IP, Ettlin D, Sanz PM, Rocha I, Meira e Cruz M.
Mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnea: an updated review. Sleep Sci. 2022; 15(Spec 2): 398–405.
doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.2021003249. Remmers J, Charkhandeh S, Grosse J,
Topor Z, Brant R, Santosham P, et al. Remotely controlled mandibular protrusion during sleep predicts therapeutic success with oral appliances in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2013; 36(10): 1517–1525. doi: 10.5665/sleep.304850. Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe AA,
al-Majed S, Love LL, Fleetham JA.
A short-term controlled trial of an adjustable oral appliance for the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 1997; 52(4): 362–368.
doi: 10.1136/thx.52.4.36251. Johal A, Gill G, Ferman A, McLaughlin K.
The effect of mandibular advancement appliances on awake upper airway and masticatory muscle activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2007; 27(1): 47–53.
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2007.00714.x52. Almeida FR, Parker JA, Hodges JS,
Lowe AA, Ferguson KA.
Effect of a titration polysomnogram on treatment success with a mandibular repositioning appliance. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2009; 5(3): 198–204.53. Fleury B, Rakotonanahary D,
Petelle B, Vincent G, Pelletier Fleury N, Meyer B, et al.
Mandibular advancement titration for obstructive sleep apnea: optimization of the procedure by combining clinical and oximetric parameters. Chest. 2004; 125(5): 1761–1777. doi: 10.1378/chest.125.5.176154. Piskin B, Uyar A, Yuceer M, Topal SC, Senturk RA, Sutcu S, et al.
Fabrication of a mandibular advancement device using a fully digital workflow: a clinical report. J Prosthodont Off J Am Coll Prosthodont. 2021; 30(3): 191–195.
doi: 10.1111/jopr.1329755. Charkhandeh S, Kuhns D, Kim S.
A fully digital workflow and device manufacturing for mandibular repositioning devices for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a feasibility study. J Dent Sleep Med. 2017; 4(4): 97–102. doi: 10.15331/jdsm.674256. Mehta A, Qian J, Petocz P,
Darendeliler MA, Cistulli PA.
A randomized, controlled study of a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(6): 1457–1461.
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.200421357. Bloch KE, Iseli A, Zhang JN, Xie X, Kaplan V, Stoeckli PW, et al.
A randomized, controlled crossover trial of two oral appliances for sleep apnea treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162(1): 246–251.
doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.990811258. Johnston CD, Gleadhill IC,
Cinnamond MJ, Gabbey J, Burden DJ. Mandibular advancement appliances and obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2002; 24(3): 251–262. doi: 10.1093/ejo/24.3.25159. Gauthier L, Laberge L, Beaudry M,
Laforte M, Rompré PH, Lavigne GJ. Efficacy of two mandibular advancement appliances in the management of snoring and mild-moderate sleep apnea: a cross-over randomized study. Sleep Med. 2009; 10(3): 329–336. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.03.01160. Sutherland K, Takaya H, Qian J,
Petocz P, Ng AT, Cistulli PA.
Oral appliance treatment response and polysomnographic phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2015; 11(8): 861–868. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.493461. Lowe AA, Sjöholm TT, Ryan CF, Fleetham JA, Ferguson KA, Remmers JE. Treatment, airway and compliance effects of a titratable oral appliance. Sleep. 2000; 23, Suppl 4: S172–178.
62. Gagnadoux F, Fleury B, Vielle B, Pételle B, Meslier N, N’Guyen XL, et al. Titrated mandibular advancement versus positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2009; 34(4): 914–920.
doi: 10.1183/09031936.0014820863. Barnes M, McEvoy RD, Banks S, Tarquinio N, Murray CG, Vowles N, et al. Efficacy of positive airway pressure and
oral appliance in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med. 2004; 170(6): 656–664.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.200311-1571OC64. Engleman HM, McDonald JP,
Graham D, Lello GE, Kingshott RN, Coleman EL, et al.
Randomized crossover trial of two treatments for sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome: continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular repositioning splint.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166(6): 855–859.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.210902365. Knappe SW, Bakke M, Svanholt P, Petersson A, Sonnesen L.
Long-term side effects on the temporomandibular joints and oro-facial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea treated with a mandibular advancement device. J Oral Rehabil. 2017; 44(5): 354–362. doi: 10.1111/joor.1248566. Marklund M, Franklin KA.
Long-term effects of mandibular repositioning appliances on symptoms of sleep apnoea. J Sleep Res. 2007; 16(4): 414–420. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00615.x67. Almeida FR de, Lowe AA, Sung JO,
Tsuiki S, Otsuka R.
Long-term sequellae of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Part 1. Cephalometric analysis.
Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop Off Publ Am Assoc Orthod Its Const Soc Am Board Orthod. 2006; 129(2): 195–204.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.00168. Rose EC, Staats R, Virchow C,
Jonas IE.
Occlusal and skeletal effects of an oral appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2002; 122(3): 871–877. doi: 10.1378/chest.122.3.87169. Hamoda MM, Almeida FR, Pliska BT.
Long-term side effects of sleep apnea treatment with oral appliances: nature, magnitude and predictors of long-term changes. Sleep Med. 2019; 56 : 184–191.
doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.12.01270. Minagi HO, Okuno K, Nohara K,
Sakai T.
Predictors of side effects with long-term oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med. 2018; 14(1): 119–125.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.689671. Heidsieck DSP, Koolstra JH,
de Ruiter MHT, Hoekema A, de Lange J.
Biomechanical effects of a mandibular advancement device on the temporomandibular joint. J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg. 2018; 46(2): 288–292.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.11.01572. Hoffstein V.
Review of oral appliances for treatment of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Breath Schlaf Atm. 2007; 11(1): 1–22.
doi: 10.1007/s11325-006-0084-8Labels
Maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics Dental medicine
Article was published inCzech Dental Journal
2025 Issue 2-
All articles in this issue
- Editorial
- Pražské dentální dny společně s Pragodentem 2025
- The revascularization potential of the autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation: is root canal therapy always necessary?
- Obstructive sleep apnoea and therapy options with a mandibular protraktor
- Světový stomatologický kongres 2026 bude v Praze
- Sborník abstraktů konference Úsměv 025
- Křest monografie věnované onemocnění TMK
- Czech Dental Journal
- Journal archive
- Current issue
- Online only
- About the journal
Most read in this issue- Světový stomatologický kongres 2026 bude v Praze
- Obstructive sleep apnoea and therapy options with a mandibular protraktor
- Pražské dentální dny společně s Pragodentem 2025
- The revascularization potential of the autotransplanted teeth with complete root formation: is root canal therapy always necessary?
Login#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#Forgotten passwordEnter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.
- Career