#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Current practice in Obstetric Anaesthesia. Part V – Postoperative Care after Caesarean Section


Authors: Bláha Jan 1,2;  Klozová Radka 1,3;  Nosková Pavlína 1,2;  Seidlová Dagmar 1,4;  Štourač Petr 1,5;  Pařízek Antonín 6
Authors‘ workplace: Sekce porodnické anestezie a analgezie ČSARIM 1;  Klinika anesteziologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze 2;  Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace, 2. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole 3;  II. anesteziologicko-resuscitační oddělení, Fakultní nemocnice Brno 4;  Klinika anesteziologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny, Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy univerzitya Fakultní nemocnice Brno 5;  Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Prazea Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze 6
Published in: Anest. intenziv. Med., 26, 2015, č. 2, s. 87-98
Category: Anesthesiology - Review Article

Overview

This article closes the series of review articles Current practices in obstetric anaesthesia. The main objective of this part is to emphasize the fundamental importance of adequate analgesia, early mobilization and early oral intake for patients undergoing caesarean section as an important element to reduce the overall postoperative morbidity.

Keywords:
Caesarean delivery – postoperative care – analgesia – early mobilization


Sources

1. Cohen S. E., Hamilton, C. L., Riley, E. T., Walker, D. S., Macario, A., Halpern, J. W. Obstetric postanesthesia care unit stays: reevaluation of discharge criteria after regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1998, 89, 6, p. 1559–1565.

2. Thomas, J., Callwood, A., Brocklehurst, P., Walker, J. The National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit. BJOG, 2000, 107, 5, p. 579–580.

3. Lucas, D. N., Gough, K. L. Enhanced recovery in obstetrics – a new frontier? International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2013, 22, 2, p. 92–95.

4. Wilmore, D. W., Kehlet, H. Management of patients in fast track surgery. BMJ, 2001, 322, 7284, p. 473–476.

5. Niranjan, N., Bolton, T., Berry, C. Enhanced recovery after Sumery – current trends in perioperative care. Update in Anaesthesia, 2010, 26, 1, p. 18–23.

6. Bláha, J., Nosková, P., Klozová, R., Seidlová, D., Štourač, P., Pařízek, A. Současné postupy v porodnické anestezii I. – peroperační péče u císařského řezu. Anest. intenziv. Med., 2013, 24, 2, p. 91–101.

7. Aluri, S., Wrench, I. J. Enhanced recovery from obstetric surgery: a U.K. survey of practice. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2014, 23, 2, p. 157–160.

8. Štourač, P. Obstetric Anaesthesia and Analgesia Month Attributes – reálná zpráva o anesteziologické praxi na českých porodních odděleních. Anest. intenziv. Med., 2013, 24, 2, p. 81–82.

9. Nosková, P., Bláha, J., Klozová, R., Seidlová, D., Štourač, P., Pařízek, A. Postpunkční cefalea v porodnictví. Anest. intenziv. med., 2014, 25, 3, p. 194–202.

10. Bush, D. J., Lyons, G., MacDonald, R. Diclofenac for analgesia after caesarean section. Anaesthesia, 1992, 47, 12, p. 1075–1077.

11. Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. Anesthesiology, 2012, 116, 2, p. 248–273.

12. Belci, D., Di Renzo, G. C., Stark, M., Duric, J., Zoricic, D., Bel-ci, M., Peteh, L. L. Morbidity and chronic pain following different techniques of caesarean section: A comparative study. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology: the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2014, p. 1–5.

13. Nikolajsen, L., Sorensen, H. C., Jensen, T. S., Kehlet, H. Chronic pain following Caesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand., 2004, 48, 1, p. 111–116.

14. de Brito Cancado, T. O., Omais, M., Ashmawi, H. A., Tor-res, M. L. Chronic pain after cesarean section. Influence of anesthetic/surgical technique and postoperative analgesia. Revista brasileira de anestesiologia, 2012, 62, 6, p. 762–774.

15. Bilgen, S., Koner, O., Ture, H., Menda, F., Ficicioglu, C., Aykac, B. Effect of three different doses of ketamine prior to general anaesthesia on postoperative pain following Caesarean delivery: a prospective randomized study. Minerva anestesiologica, 2012, 78, 4, p. 442–449.

16. Reza, F. M., Zahra, F., Esmaeel, F., Hossein, A. Preemptive analgesic effect of ketamine in patients undergoing elective cesarean section. The Clinical journal of pain, 2010, 26, 3, p. 223–226.

17. Jakobi, P., Solt, I., Tamir, A., Zimmer, E. Z. Over-the-counter oral analgesia for postcesarean pain. American journal of obstetrics and gynekology, 2002, 187, 4, p. 1066–1069.

18. ČSARIM: Doporučené postupy diagnostiky a terapie. Léčba akutní pooperační bolesti. 2008.

19. Wu, C. L., Cohen, S. R., Richman, J. M., Rowlingson, A. J., Courpas et al. Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids: a meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 2005, 103, 5, p. 1079–1088; quiz 1109–1110.

20. Rosaeg, O. P., Lui, A. C., Cicutti, N. J., Bragg, P. R., Crossan, M. L., Krepski, B. Peri-operative multimodal pain therapy for caesarean section: analgesia and fitness for discharge. Canadian journal of anaesthesia, 1997, 44, 8, p. 803–809.

21. Stourac, P., Kucharova, E., Krikava, I., Maly, R., Kosinova, M. et al. Establishment and evaluation of a post caesarean acute pain service in a perinatological center:retrospective observational study. Česka gynekologie, 2014, 79, 5, p. 363–370.

22. Dolin, S. J., Cashman, J. N., Bland, J. M. Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. BJA, 2002, 89, 3, p. 409–423.

23. Royakkers, A. A., Willigers, H., van der Ven, A. J., Wilmink, J.,Durieux, M., van Kleef, M. Catheter-related epidural abscesses – don’t wait for neurological deficits. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand., 2002, 46, 5, p. 611–615.

24. Štourač, P., Seidlová, D., Bártíková, I., Kuchařová, E., Janků, P.et al. Srovnání opioidní a neopioidní analgezie po císařském řezu v celkové anestezii – prospektivní observační studie. Anest. intenziv. Med., 2014, 25, 1, p. 8–16.

25. Munishankar, B., Fettes, P., Moore, C., McLeod, G. A. A double-blind randomised controlled trial of paracetamol, diclofenac or the combination for pain relief after caesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2008, 17, 1, p. 9–14.

26. Dahl, V., Hagen, I. E., Sveen, A. M., Norseng, H., Koss, K. S., Steen, T. High-dose diclofenac for postoperative analgesia after elective caesarean section in regional anaesthesia. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2002, 11, 2, p. 91–94.

27. SPC-Novalgin Injekce [www.sukl.cz/download/spc/SPC14383.pdf].

28. Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pain Management, Acute Pain Section. Anesthesiology, 1995, 82, 4, p. 1071–1081.

29. Owen, H., Brose, W. G., Plummer, J. L., Mather, L. E. Variables of patient-controlled analgesia. 3: Test of an infusion-demand system using alfentanil. Anaesthesia, 1990, 45, 6, p. 452–455.

30. Landau, R., Kraft, J. C. Pharmacogenetics in obstetric anesthesia. Current opinion in Anaesthesiology, 2010, 23, 3, p. 323–329.

31. Chestnut, D. H. (ed.) Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 4 edn. Philadelphia: Mosby, Elsevier Inc., 2009.

32. Ebneshahidi, A., Akbari, M., Heshmati, B. Patient-controlled versus nurse-controlled post-operative analgesia after caesarean section. Advanced Biomedical Research, 2012, 1, p. 6.

33. Hudcova, J., McNicol, E., Quah, C., Lau, J., Carr, D. B. Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus conventional opioid analgesia for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(4):CD003348.

34. Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. Anesthesiology, 2004, 100, 6, p. 1573–1581.

35. Dahl, J. B., Jeppesen, I. S., Jorgensen, H., Wetterslev, J., Moiniche, S. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intrathecal opioids in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology, 1999, 91, 6, p. 1919–1927.

36. Lim, Y., Jha, S., Sia, A. T., Rawal, N. Morphine for post-caesarean section analgesia: intrathecal, epidural or intravenous? Singapore medical Journal, 2005, 46, 8, p. 392–396.

37. Somrat, C., Oranuch, K., Ketchada, U., Siriprapa, S., Thipawan, R. Optimal dose of nalbuphine for treatment of intrathecal-morphine induced pruritus after caesarean section. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 1999, 25, 3, p. 209–213.

38. Slappendel, R., Weber, E. W., Benraad, B., van Limbeek, J., Dirksen, R. Itching after intrathecal morphine. Incidence and treatment. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2000, 17, 10, p. 616–621.

39. Horta, M. L., Morejon, L. C., da Cruz, A. W., Dos Santos, G. R., Welling et al. Study of the prophylactic effect of droperidol, alizapride, propofol and promethazine on spinal morphine-induced pruritus. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2006, 96, 6, p. 796–800.

40. Ausseur, A., Theeten, G., Levron, J. C., Krivosic-Horber, R. Continuous epidural infusion of sufentanil after Caesarean sec-tion: concentration in breast milk. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1994, 72, sup 1, A206.

41. Vertommen, J. D., Vandermeulen, E., Aken, H. V., Vaes, L., Soetens, M. et al. The Effects of the Addition of Sufentanil to 0.125% Bupivacaine on the Quality of Analgesia during Labor and on the Incidence of Instrumental Deliveries. Anesthesiology, 1991, 74, 5, p. 809–814.

42. Moiniche, S., Mikkelsen, S., Wetterslev, J., Dahl, J. B. A qualitative systematic review of incisional local anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief after abdominal operations. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1998, 81, 3, p. 377–383.

43. McKeen, D. M., George, R. B., Boyd, J. C., Allen, V. M.,Pink, A. Transversus abdominis plane block does not improve early or late pain outcomes after Cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian Journal of anaesthesia, 2014, 61, 7, p. 631–640.

44. Kainu, J. P., Sarvela, J., Halonen, P., Puro, H., Toivonen, H. et al. Continuous wound infusion with ropivacaine fails to provide adequate analgesia after caesarean section. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2012, 21, 2, p. 119–124.

45. Fusco, P., Scimia, P., Paladini, G., Fiorenzi, M., Petrucci, E.et al. Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after cesarean delivery. A systematic review. Minerva anestesiologica, 2014.

46. Bamigboye, A. A., Hofmeyr, G. J. Caesarean section wound infiltration with local anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief – any benefit? South African medical journal, 2010, 100, 5, p. 313–319.

47. Givens, V. A., Lipscomb, G. H., Meyer, N. L. A randomized trial of postoperative wound irrigation with local anesthetic for pain after cesarean delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynekology, 2002, 186, 6, p. 1188–1191.

48. Ranta, P. O., Ala-Kokko, T. I., Kukkonen, J. E., Ohtonen, P. P.,Raudaskoski, T. H. et al. Incisional and epidural analgesia after caesarean delivery: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical study. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2006, 15, 3, p. 189–194.

49. Lavand’homme, P. M., Roelants, F., Waterloos, H., De Kock, M. F. Postoperative analgesic effects of continuous wound infiltration with diclofenac after elective cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2007, 106, 6, p. 1220–1225.

50. Doherty, M., Buggy, D. J. Intraoperative fluids: how much is too much? British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2012, 109, 1, p. 69–79.

51. Sharma, K. K., Mahmood, T. A., Smith, N. C. The short term effect of obstetric anaesthesia on bladder function. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 1994, 14, 4, p. 254–255.

52. Liang, C. C., Chang, S. D., Chang, Y. L., Chen, S. H., Chueh, H. Y., Cheng, P. J. Postpartum urinary retention after cesarean delivery. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics, 2007, 99, 3, p. 229–232.

53. Onile, T. G., Kuti, O., Orji, E. O., Ogunniyi, S. O. A prospective randomized clinical trial of urethral catheter removal following elective cesarean delivery. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2008, 102, 3, p. 267–270.

54. Ward, N.: Nutrition support to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Nutrition Journal, 2003, 2, p. 18.

55. Salvino, R. M., Dechicco, R. S., Seidner, D. L. Perioperative nutrition support: who and how. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 2004, 71, 4, p. 345–351.

56. Giner, M., Laviano, A., Meguid, M. M., Gleason, J. R. In 1995 a correlation between malnutrition and poor outcome in critically ill patients still exists. Nutrition, 1996, 12, 1, p. 23–29.

57. Seong, W. J., Chong, G. O., Hong, D. G., Lee, T. H., Lee, Y. S. et al. Clinical significance of serum albumin level in pregnancy-related hypertension. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2010, 36, 6, p. 1165–1173.

58. Mangesi, L., Hofmeyr, G. J. Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002(3):CD003516.

59. Jalilian, N., Ghadami, M. R. Randomized clinical trial comparing postoperative outcomes of early versus late oral feeding after cesarean section. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2014, 40, 6, p. 1649–1652.

60. Wee, M. Y., Brown, H., Reynolds, F. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for caesarean sections: implications for the anaesthetist. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2005, 14, 2, p. 147–158.

61. Lennard-Jones, J. E., Centre KsF, Enteral WPo, Hospital PFi, Home a: A Positive Approach to Nutrition as Treatment: Report of a Working Party Chaired by Professor J. E. Lennard-Jones on the Role of Enteral and Parenteral Feeding in Hospital and at Home: King’s Fund Centre; 1992.

62. McClave, S. A., Martindale, R. G., Vanek, V. W., McCarthy, M.,Roberts, P. et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN, 2009, 33, 3, p. 277–316.

63. Braga, M., Ljungqvist, O., Soeters, P., Fearon, K., Weimann, A.,Bozzetti, F. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: surgery. Clin. Nutr., 2009, 28, 4, p. 378–386.

64. Lyons, G. Saving mothers‘ lives: confidential enquiry into maternal and child health 2003-5. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2008, 17, 2, p. 103-105.

65. James, A. H. Prevention and management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. The American Journal of Medicine, 2007, 120, 10 Suppl 2, S26–34.

66. Kujovich, J. L. Hormones and pregnancy: thromboembolic risks for women. Br. J. Haematol., 2004, 126, 4, p. 443–454.

67. Heit, J. A., Kobbervig, C. E., James, A. H., Petterson, T. M., Bailey, K. R., Melton, L. J. Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: a 30-year population-based study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2005, 143, 10, p. 697-706.

68. Pomp, E. R., Lenselink, A. M., Rosendaal, F. R., Dog-gen, C. J. Pregnancy, the postpartum period and prothrombotic defects: risk of venous thrombosis in the MEGA study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis: JTH, 2008, 6, 4, p. 632–637.

69. James, A. H. Pregnancy and thrombotic risk. Crit. Care Med., 2010, 38, 2 Suppl, S57–63.

70. Buhimschi, C. S., Buhimschi, I. A., Abdel-Razeq, S., Rosenberg, V. A., Thung, S. F. et al. Proteomic biomarkers of intra-amniotic inflammation: relationship with funisitis and early-onset sepsis in the premature neonate. Pediatric Research, 2007, 61, 3, p. 318–324.

71. Mahieu, B., Jacobs, N., Mahieu, S., Naelaerts, K., Vertes-sen, F. et al. Haemostatic changes and acquired activated protein C resistance in normal pregnancy. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis: an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis, 2007, 18, 7, p. 685–688.

72. Brenner, B. Haemostatic changes in pregnancy. Thrombosis Research, 2004, 114, 5–6, p. 409–414.

73. Johnson, R. F., Herman, N. L., Johnson, H. V., Arney, T. L. et al. Effects of fetal pH on local anesthetic transfer across the human placenta. Anesthesiology, 1996, 85, 3, p. 608–615.

74. Start, R. J., Greenberg, D. J., Herman, N. L. Use of a Wilson Convex Frame in removing “irretrievable“ epidural catheters. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1992, 75, 2, p. 305–306.

75. Widimský, J., Malý, J., Eliáš, P., Lang, O., Franc, P., Roztočil, K.Doporučení diagnostiky, léčby a prevence plicní embolie. Vnitr. lek., 2008, 54, Suppl 1, S25-S72.

76. Horlocker, T. T., Wedel, D. J., Rowlingson, J. C., Enneking, F. K.,Kopp, S. L. et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg. Anesth. Pain Med., 2010, 35, 1, p. 64–101.

77. Marik, P. E. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Clinics in chest medicine, 2010, 31, 4, p. 731–740.

78. Rosenberg, V. A., Lockwood, C. J. Thromboembolism in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 2007, 34, 3, p. 481–500.

79. Sia, W. W., Powrie, R. O., Cooper, A. B., Larson, L., Phipps, M. et al. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in women undergoing cesarean delivery. Thrombosis Research, 2009, 123, 3, p. 550–555.

80. Bates, S. M., Greer, I. A., Pabinger, I., Sofaer, S., Hirsh, J. Venous thromboembolism, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest, 2008, 133, 6 Suppl, p. 844S–886S.

81. RCOG: Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium, Reducing the Risk (Green-top 37a). In., 2009.

82. Bates, S. M., Greer, I. A., Hirsh, J., Ginsberg, J. S. Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2004, 126, 3 Suppl, p. 627S–644.

83. Bláha, J., Bláhová, K., Kolníková, I., Nosková, P. Tromboprofylaxe u císařského řezu. Prakt. Gyn. 2012, 16, 2–4, p. 81–88.

84. Bláha, J., Nosková, P., Kolníková, I., Bláhová, K. Tromboprofylaxe a neuroaxiální anestezie v porodnictví. Anest. intenziv. Med., 2012, 23, 1, p. 42–49.

Labels
Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Inten Intensive Care Medicine
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#